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Progress in physics

REEARCH PROGRESS OF POSITRON-BASED ANTIMATTER

Shaojie Wang

Published Jan 1, 2008• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Positron,an antiparticle of electron,is much more easily obtained than other's antipartices,such as antiproton,antihydrogen,thus electron-positron system is the most suitable way for studying the combination of common matter and antimatter.In this article,we describe the history,current state and future prospect of antimatter(positron) research in combination with first laboratory synthesis of matter-antimatter molecule;and emphasizes on the experimental techniques based on positron trapping,confinement and accumulation,and the production of molecular positronium.

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Positron,an antiparticle of electron,is much more easily obtained than other's antipartices,such as antiproton,antihydrogen,thus electron-positron system is the most suitable way for studying the combination of common matter and antimatter.In this article,we describe the history,current state and future prospect of antimatter(positron) research in combination with first laboratory synthesis of matter-antimatter molecule;and emphasizes on the experimental techniques based on positron trapping,confinement and accumulation,and the production of molecular positronium.
A report is presented of the XIIth International Workshop on Positron and Positronium Physics (Sandbjerg, Denmark, 19–21 July 2003). This workshop covered positron and positronium interactions with atoms, molecules and condensed matter systems. One key development reported was the first creation in the laboratory of low-energy antihydrogen atoms. Facets of positron-electron many-body systems were also considered, including the positronium molecule and BEC gases of positronium atoms. Aspects of the future of the field were discussed, including the development of new theoretical and experimental capabilities.
The creation of cold antihydrogen atoms by the controlled combination of positrons and antiprotons has opened up a new window on fundamental physics. More recently, techniques have been developed that allow some antihydrogen atoms to be created at low enough kinetic energies that they can be held inside magnetic minimum neutral atom traps. With confinement times of many minutes possible, it has become feasible to perform experiments to probe the properties of the antiatom for the first time. We review the experimental progress in this area, outline some of the motivation for studying basic aspects of antimatter physics and provide an outlook of where we might expect this field to go in the coming years.
A comment is presented on the XIIIth International Workshop on Low-Energy Positron and Positronium Physics (held at UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil, 27– 30 July 2005). Exciting progress was reported on a range of antimatter research areas. The focus of the conference is on understanding fundamental positron and positronium scattering and annihilation from gas-phase atoms and molecules. Other hot topics included antihydrogen production and antimatter- and matter-bound states. We discuss some of the achievements and outstanding questions that have arisen during the past two years and discuss some directions for the future.
The field of experimental positronium physics has advanced significantly in the last few decades, with new areas of research driven by the development of techniques for trapping and manipulating positrons using Surko-type buffer gas traps. Large numbers of positrons (typically ≥106) accumulated in such a device may be ejected all at once, so as to generate an intense pulse. Standard bunching techniques can produce pulses with ns (mm) temporal (spatial) beam profiles. These pulses can be converted into a dilute Ps gas in vacuum with densities on the order of 107 cm−3 which can be probed by standard ns pulsed laser systems. This allows for the efficient production of excited Ps states, including long-lived Rydberg states, which in turn facilitates numerous experimental programs, such as precision optical and microwave spectroscopy of Ps, the application of Stark deceleration methods to guide, decelerate and focus Rydberg Ps beams, and studies of the interactions of such beams with other atomic and molecular species. These methods are also applicable to antihydrogen production and spectroscopic studies of energy levels and resonances in positronium ions and molecules. A summary of recent progress in this area will be given, with the objective of providing an overview of the field as it currently exists, and a brief discussion of some future directions.
A new physical mechanism for positron accumulation is explained and demonstrated. Strongly magnetized Rydberg positronium is formed and then ionized, allowing us to trap equal numbers of either positrons or electrons over a wide range of conditions. Antiprotons are trapped, cooled, and stacked from the new Antiproton Decelerator facility for the first time. Combining positrons and antiprotons, we have demonstrated the first positron cooling of antiprotons. The cooling takes place in a 4.2 K, nested Penning trap where conditions are ideal for the eventual goal of the formation of antihydrogen.