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Power System Technology

Secure Communication Mechanism for Smart Distribution Network Integrated With Subcarrier Multiplexed Quantum Key Distribution

MA Yonghon

Published Jan 1, 2013• 5 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Firstly, the risk of information security of the passive optical network(PON) based communication platform for smart distribution grid(SDG) is analyzed, and on this basis a technical thinking of integrating the high efficient subcarrier multiplexed quantum key distribution(SCM-QKD) with PON-SDG is proposed. Secondly, as for the three typical topological forms, namely the tree-form, hand-in-hand form and the chain form, the quantum bit-error-rate(QBER) for PON utilizing SCM-QKD technology and the parameters of quantum sifted-key-generation-rate are theoretically calculated. Calculation and analysis results show that under typical link length of PON and power-split-ratio parameters the SCM-QKD technology can meet the demand on information security of PON-SDG communication service. Finally, the method to share the quantum key distribution between the optical line terminal(OLT) in PON and the optical network unit(ONU) at the user side is given, and based on the key the concrete implementation of the two-way identity authentication and the generation process of the session key between OLT and ONU are given.

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Firstly, the risk of information security of the passive optical network(PON) based communication platform for smart distribution grid(SDG) is analyzed, and on this basis a technical thinking of integrating the high efficient subcarrier multiplexed quantum key distribution(SCM-QKD) with PON-SDG is proposed. Secondly, as for the three typical topological forms, namely the tree-form, hand-in-hand form and the chain form, the quantum bit-error-rate(QBER) for PON utilizing SCM-QKD technology and the parameters of quantum sifted-key-generation-rate are theoretically calculated. Calculation and analysis results show that under typical link length of PON and power-split-ratio parameters the SCM-QKD technology can meet the demand on information security of PON-SDG communication service. Finally, the method to share the quantum key distribution between the optical line terminal(OLT) in PON and the optical network unit(ONU) at the user side is given, and based on the key the concrete implementation of the two-way identity authentication and the generation process of the session key between OLT and ONU are given.
Firstly, through deeply analyzing the security threats that exist in the PON, this paper proposes a technical idea which integrates high-efficiency subcarrier multiplexed quantum key distribution into PON-SDG communication system. Secondly, we conduct theoretical calculation for the configuration parameters of PON and verify the feasibility of the technology. Finally, the concrete implementation flow-diagram and the generation process of the session key are given .The research results can provide the theoretical reference for building the secure and efficient SDG.
Quantum cryptography (QC) is currently under investigation to build highly secure optical communication networks. QC requires distribution of quantum keys (also called "secret" keys) on separate wavelength channels than those used to transmit the encrypted data. Hence, we propose a quantum-secured passive optical network (QS-PON) that supports both i) the traditional wavelength channels for secured data transmission, and ii) a quantum key distribution network (QKDN) running on separate dedicated wavelengths. The QKDN generates and stores secret keys that are then assigned to users' demands served on traditional PON channels. To generate secret keys, quantum transmitters at the optical network units (ONUs) exchange qubits with a quantum receiver at the optical line terminal (OLT). Then, the generated secret keys are stored in quantum key pools (QKPs) installed at both OLT and the ONUs and assigned to users' demands. Point-to-multipoint QKD systems have been experimentally demonstrated over various forms of quantum access networks (QANs), showing that an efficient mechanism to generate and assign quantum keys based on traffic requests is a critical component of QANs. In this study, we present a new QS-PON architecture, and we propose a dynamic secret-key provisioning (DSKP) algorithm that effectively generates and assigns secret keys from users' demands. Our proposed DSKP algorithm features two phases, the lowest-first secret-key generation (LF-SKG) phase and the hierarchical-clustering secret-key consumption (HC-SKC) phase. In this study, we also provide an analytical model that describes how secret keys are generated and consumed in QKPs. In our illustrative numerical evaluation, we compare our algorithm for secret-key provisioning with a baseline IPACT-based solution in terms of service-rejection ratio, time-slot utilization, and guard- and relay-time saving. Results show that DSKP reduces service-rejection ratio and guard- and relay-time of about 16% and 39.54%, respectively.
It is well known that optical access networks are able to provide high data rates over long distances and to a reasonable number of users. Security and privacy are always a challenge for public accessible network infrastructures. Especially in time-division multiplexing passive optical networks (TDM-PONs), in which the downstream signal is broadcasted to all users connected via the same wavelength channel in a shared fiber link, privacy can be a critical concern. Although encryption at the application layer can provide a high level of security, this can be achieved only if the encryption key distribution is perfectly save. On the other hand, encryption on the physical layer such as quantum cryptography or, more precisely, quantum key distribution (QKD) is a very promising approach to achieve secure communication. However, there remain several issues that have to be solved before the quantum cryptography reaches the maturity level needed for a cost effective implementation in practical networks. In this paper, we address quantum key distribution (QKD) over passive optical access networks, which is an enabling technology required to cost efficiently deploy practical quantum encrypted data communication in the access area. We study different methods to integrate QKD systems in conventional optical access networks and quantitatively evaluate their suitability for a potential implementation.
Abstract Passive Optical Networks (PON) are widely used to deliver fixed line communication due to their cost effectiveness and potential for high data transfer rates. However, due to the nature of their operation, every user on a PON system has access to every other user’s downstream data. Current progress in quantum computing means that the classical encryption algorithms currently used to secure communication data, including PON data, may not be sufficient in the future and so, for total information security another encryption solution, such as Quantum Key Distribution, must be found. This paper outlines the different variations of QKD on PON that have so far been proposed and summarises the current state of the art of experimental demonstrations of QKD on PON.
In this paper we study the performance of subcarrier-wave quantum key distribution (SCW QKD) in the presence of classical channels of optical transport network utilizing dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM). We consider the impact of spontaneous Raman scattering noise as well as the four-wave mixing and channel isolation efficiency. We calculate quantum bit error rate as well as the secure key generation rate of SCW-QKD protocol for different parameters of DWDM system and quantum channel allocations. Our calculations show, that quantum channel allocation at the wavelength of 1310 nm is preferable to allocation at C-band due to lower nonlinear noise, despite fiber's larger attenuation at this wavelength.