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Jiguang zazhi

The effect of saturation and velocity selective population in 5S_(1/2)-5P_(3/2) laser excitation in Rb vapor

Yifan Shen

Published Jan 1, 2008• 0 citations
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Abstract

Excited state population distribution created by 5S1/2→5P3/2 laser excitation in room temperature rubidium vapor was quantitatively analyzed applying absorption and saturation spectroscopy.When the laser linewidth was much smaller than the Doppler linewidth,the absorption coefficients were measured for a series of P780 powers between 40 μW and 5mW.Population in the 5P3/2 level obtained from the saturation measurements was also determined by the absorption measurement of narrow spectral line from a Rb hollow cathode lamp.The agreement between the results obtained in these two ways is very good.It was shown that 2% of the ground state population could be transferred to the first excited state by pumping the Doppler broadened line with a single-mode narrow-band laser.

Related papers

Saturation effect and velocity selective population of 5S_(1/2)→5P_(3/2) with laser excitation in Rb-H_2 vapor

Yifan Shen

Excited state population distribution of 5S_(1/2)→5P_(3/2)with laser excitation in room temperature rubidium vapor mixed with H_2 was quantitatively analyzed by absorption and saturation spectroscopy. When the laser linewidth is much smaller than the Doppler linewidth,the absorption coefficients were measured for a series of laser powers between 40 #W and 5 mW at 780 nm.Population in the 5P_(3/2)level obtained from the saturation measurements was also determined by the absorption measurement of narrow spectral line from a Rb hollow cathode lamp.The results obtained in these two ways arin good agreement. When the H_2 pressure was 100 Pa,it was shown that 8% of the ground state population could be transferred to the first excited state by pumping the Doppler broadened line with a single-mode narrow-band laser.

Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics•Jan 1, 2008•0 citations

[Effect of saturation and velocity selective population in 6S1/2 --> 6P3/2 laser excitation in Cs vapor mixed with Ar].

Jing Liu, Heng-wei Zhou, Guoliang Zhang +2 more

The excited state population distribution created by 6S1/2 --> 6P3/2 laser excitation in room temperature cesium vapor mixed with Ar was quantitatively analyzed applying absorption and saturation spectroscopy. A simple method for the determination of the excited state population in a single excitation step based on the measurements of the saturated and unsaturated absorption coefficients was tested. When the line profile is nearly pure Doppler and the laser linewidth is much smaller than the inhomogeneous linewidth but comparable with homogeneous linewidth, the fraction N(v(z)) of the atoms in the ground state that are able to absorb under inhomogeneous broadening conditions can be determined. The transmission of the medium in the center of the Doppler envelope of the strong h. f. component of the CsD2 line due to hyperfine pumping alone amounts to approximately 5%. The assumption that has been made is that the lower-state hyperfine levels are populated in a statistical ratio. The absorption coefficients were measured for a series of P852 powers between 20 microW and 2. 5 mW. The velocity selective population density in the 6P3/2 state was obtained. The population in the 6P3/2 level obtained from the saturation measurements was also determined by the absorption measurement of narrow spectral line from a Cs hollow cathode lamp. The agreement between the results obtained in these two ways is very good. It was shown that 5% of the ground state population could be transferred to the first excited state by pumping the Doppler broadened line with a single-mode narrow-band laser. The argon caused line broadening and therefore increased the effective pumping rate in the first excitation step. The dependence of the 852 nm line fluorescence intensity was plotted against the population in the 6P3/2 level determined from the saturation absorption. This can serve as confirmation of the reliability of the method used for the determination of the excited state population.

•Sep 1, 2008•0 citations

Enhancement of the Doppler-free saturated absorption signal based on 87 Rb second excited state transition at 420 nm

Yuechen 悦晨 Zhang 张, Weihao Zhao, Yuan Tian +4 more

Abstract We report on the characterization of Doppler-free resonances detected by probing the 5S 1/2 → 6P 3/2 transition of the 87 Rb atom at 420 nm. Compared to the commonly studied 5S → 5P transition, the 5S → 6P transition offers advantages of higher transition frequency and narrower natural linewidth. We investigate how the pump laser intensity and cell temperature affect the linewidth and amplitude of the saturated absorption signal for the 420-nm second excited state transition 5S 1/2 ( F = 2) → 6P 3/2 in 87 Rb atoms. Furthermore, we introduce a 795-nm repump laser to improve the quality of the saturated absorption signal. At a relatively low vapor cell temperature of 43 °C, the amplitude-to-linewidth ratio increased by 110%. These results are highly relevant for the development of stable ultraviolet laser sources and their associated applications.

Chinese Physics B•Oct 30, 2025•0 citations

Fine-structure mixing in 5~2P Rb atoms studied through excitation transfer and energy-pooling collisions

Yifan Shen

Rb atoms were excited to the 5P3/2 level using a single-mode laser diode. The 5P3/2 state atom density was measured by the absorption of line from a Rb hollow-cathode lamp. The excited atom density is combined with measured fluorescence ratio to determine collisional cross section for the energy pooling process [i.e. Rb(5P3/2)+Rb(5P3/2)→Rb(5D)+Rb(5S)]. The cross section is (5.0±1.9)(?)10-14cm2. Cross section for 5P3/2 →5P1/2 transfer in Rb, induced in collision with ground-state Rb atoms, has been determined using methods of atomic fluorescence. The resulting fluorescence included a direct component arising from the optically excited state and a sensitized component due to the collisionally populated fine-structure state and the energy-pooling collisions. Measurement of relative intensities of the two components yielded the following cross section: σ(5P3/2→5P1/2)=(3.0±0.9)×10-15cm2. It is found that the rate for the energy pooling is an order of magnitude more efficient than 5P3/2→5P1/2 mixture. Comparisons of our result with other experiments have been made.

Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics•Jan 1, 2005•1 citation

Comparison of absorption, fluorescence, and polarization spectroscopy of atomic rubidium

Seth Ashman, C. Stifler, Joaquín Romero

An ongoing spectroscopic investigation of atomic rubidium utilizes a two-photon, single-laser excitation process. Transitions accessible with our tunable laser include 5P1/2 (F ′ ) ← 5S1/2 (F) and 5P3/2 (F ′ ) ← 5S1/2 (F). The laser is split into a pump and probe beam to allow for Doppler-free measurements of transitions between hyperfine levels. The pump and probe beams are overlapped in a counter-propagating geometry and the laser frequency scans over a transition. Absorption, fluorescence and polarization spectroscopy techniques are applied to this basic experimental setup. The temperature of the vapor cell and the power of the pump and probe beams have been varied to explore line broadening effects and signal-to-noise of each technique. This humble setup will hopefully grow into a more robust experimental arrangement in which double resonance, two-laser excitations are used to explore hyperfine state changing collisions between rubidium atoms and noble gas atoms. Rb-noble gas collisions can transfer population between hyperfine levels, such as 5P3/2 (F ′ = 3) Collision ←− 5P3/2 (F ′ = 2), and the probe beam couples 7S1/2 (F ′′ = 2) ← 5P3/2 (F ′ = 3). Polarization spectroscopy signal depends on the rate of population transfer due to the collision as well as maintaining the orientation created by the pump laser. Fluorescence spectroscopy relies only on transfer of population due to the collision. Comparison of these techniques yields information regarding the change of the magnetic sublevels, mF , during hyperfine state changing collisions.

Bulletin of the American Physical Society•Jun 11, 2015•0 citations

Observation of selective excitation in laser-pumped rubidium

Daniel Joseph Bradley, G. M. Gale, P D Smith

The 5P 3/2 level of rubidium has been selectively populated by a narrow-band dye laser tuned to resonance with the 5S 1/2 to 5P 3/2 transition. The upper-state absorption line at lambda 7758 AA (5P 3/2 -5D 5/2 ) has been simultaneously recorded with a second broad-band dye laser continuum.

Journal of Physics B Atomic and Molecular Physics•Jan 1, 1970•21 citations
Excited state population distribution created by 5S1/2→5P3/2 laser excitation in room temperature rubidium vapor was quantitatively analyzed applying absorption and saturation spectroscopy.When the laser linewidth was much smaller than the Doppler linewidth,the absorption coefficients were measured for a series of P780 powers between 40 μW and 5mW.Population in the 5P3/2 level obtained from the saturation measurements was also determined by the absorption measurement of narrow spectral line from a Rb hollow cathode lamp.The agreement between the results obtained in these two ways is very good.It was shown that 2% of the ground state population could be transferred to the first excited state by pumping the Doppler broadened line with a single-mode narrow-band laser.
Excited state population distribution of 5S_(1/2)→5P_(3/2)with laser excitation in room temperature rubidium vapor mixed with H_2 was quantitatively analyzed by absorption and saturation spectroscopy. When the laser linewidth is much smaller than the Doppler linewidth,the absorption coefficients were measured for a series of laser powers between 40 #W and 5 mW at 780 nm.Population in the 5P_(3/2)level obtained from the saturation measurements was also determined by the absorption measurement of narrow spectral line from a Rb hollow cathode lamp.The results obtained in these two ways arin good agreement. When the H_2 pressure was 100 Pa,it was shown that 8% of the ground state population could be transferred to the first excited state by pumping the Doppler broadened line with a single-mode narrow-band laser.
The excited state population distribution created by 6S1/2 --> 6P3/2 laser excitation in room temperature cesium vapor mixed with Ar was quantitatively analyzed applying absorption and saturation spectroscopy. A simple method for the determination of the excited state population in a single excitation step based on the measurements of the saturated and unsaturated absorption coefficients was tested. When the line profile is nearly pure Doppler and the laser linewidth is much smaller than the inhomogeneous linewidth but comparable with homogeneous linewidth, the fraction N(v(z)) of the atoms in the ground state that are able to absorb under inhomogeneous broadening conditions can be determined. The transmission of the medium in the center of the Doppler envelope of the strong h. f. component of the CsD2 line due to hyperfine pumping alone amounts to approximately 5%. The assumption that has been made is that the lower-state hyperfine levels are populated in a statistical ratio. The absorption coefficients were measured for a series of P852 powers between 20 microW and 2. 5 mW. The velocity selective population density in the 6P3/2 state was obtained. The population in the 6P3/2 level obtained from the saturation measurements was also determined by the absorption measurement of narrow spectral line from a Cs hollow cathode lamp. The agreement between the results obtained in these two ways is very good. It was shown that 5% of the ground state population could be transferred to the first excited state by pumping the Doppler broadened line with a single-mode narrow-band laser. The argon caused line broadening and therefore increased the effective pumping rate in the first excitation step. The dependence of the 852 nm line fluorescence intensity was plotted against the population in the 6P3/2 level determined from the saturation absorption. This can serve as confirmation of the reliability of the method used for the determination of the excited state population.
Abstract We report on the characterization of Doppler-free resonances detected by probing the 5S 1/2 → 6P 3/2 transition of the 87 Rb atom at 420 nm. Compared to the commonly studied 5S → 5P transition, the 5S → 6P transition offers advantages of higher transition frequency and narrower natural linewidth. We investigate how the pump laser intensity and cell temperature affect the linewidth and amplitude of the saturated absorption signal for the 420-nm second excited state transition 5S 1/2 ( F = 2) → 6P 3/2 in 87 Rb atoms. Furthermore, we introduce a 795-nm repump laser to improve the quality of the saturated absorption signal. At a relatively low vapor cell temperature of 43 °C, the amplitude-to-linewidth ratio increased by 110%. These results are highly relevant for the development of stable ultraviolet laser sources and their associated applications.
Rb atoms were excited to the 5P3/2 level using a single-mode laser diode. The 5P3/2 state atom density was measured by the absorption of line from a Rb hollow-cathode lamp. The excited atom density is combined with measured fluorescence ratio to determine collisional cross section for the energy pooling process [i.e. Rb(5P3/2)+Rb(5P3/2)→Rb(5D)+Rb(5S)]. The cross section is (5.0±1.9)(?)10-14cm2. Cross section for 5P3/2 →5P1/2 transfer in Rb, induced in collision with ground-state Rb atoms, has been determined using methods of atomic fluorescence. The resulting fluorescence included a direct component arising from the optically excited state and a sensitized component due to the collisionally populated fine-structure state and the energy-pooling collisions. Measurement of relative intensities of the two components yielded the following cross section: σ(5P3/2→5P1/2)=(3.0±0.9)×10-15cm2. It is found that the rate for the energy pooling is an order of magnitude more efficient than 5P3/2→5P1/2 mixture. Comparisons of our result with other experiments have been made.
An ongoing spectroscopic investigation of atomic rubidium utilizes a two-photon, single-laser excitation process. Transitions accessible with our tunable laser include 5P1/2 (F ′ ) ← 5S1/2 (F) and 5P3/2 (F ′ ) ← 5S1/2 (F). The laser is split into a pump and probe beam to allow for Doppler-free measurements of transitions between hyperfine levels. The pump and probe beams are overlapped in a counter-propagating geometry and the laser frequency scans over a transition. Absorption, fluorescence and polarization spectroscopy techniques are applied to this basic experimental setup. The temperature of the vapor cell and the power of the pump and probe beams have been varied to explore line broadening effects and signal-to-noise of each technique. This humble setup will hopefully grow into a more robust experimental arrangement in which double resonance, two-laser excitations are used to explore hyperfine state changing collisions between rubidium atoms and noble gas atoms. Rb-noble gas collisions can transfer population between hyperfine levels, such as 5P3/2 (F ′ = 3) Collision ←− 5P3/2 (F ′ = 2), and the probe beam couples 7S1/2 (F ′′ = 2) ← 5P3/2 (F ′ = 3). Polarization spectroscopy signal depends on the rate of population transfer due to the collision as well as maintaining the orientation created by the pump laser. Fluorescence spectroscopy relies only on transfer of population due to the collision. Comparison of these techniques yields information regarding the change of the magnetic sublevels, mF , during hyperfine state changing collisions.