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Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics

Quantum communication and quantum computation

Guo Guang-Can

Published Jan 1, 2004• 11 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Quantum information theory, which mainly involves in quantum communication and quantum computation, now is the hot research field of physics. The fundamental theoretical frame of quantum communication and quantum computation was introduced, which include quantum entanglement, quantum no-cloning theorem, quantum key distribution, quantum teleportation, quantum parallel computing, quantum computational means of Shor and Grover. The experimental progress in the field was also introduced.

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Quantum information theory, which mainly involves in quantum communication and quantum computation, now is the hot research field of physics. The fundamental theoretical frame of quantum communication and quantum computation was introduced, which include quantum entanglement, quantum no-cloning theorem, quantum key distribution, quantum teleportation, quantum parallel computing, quantum computational means of Shor and Grover. The experimental progress in the field was also introduced.
Quantum information science is an area of study based on the idea that information science depends on quantum effects in physics. It includes theoretical issues in computational models as well as more experimental topics in quantum physics including what can and cannot be done with quantum information. Subfields include: Quantum computing, Quantum error correction, Quantum complexity theory, Quantum cryptography and its generalization, quantum communication, Quantum communication complexity, Quantum entanglement, Quantum dense coding, Quantum teleportation. In the present book, fifteen typical literatures about Quantum Communication published on international authoritative journals were selected to introduce the worldwide newest progress, which contains reviews or original researches on Communication, mechanics, optics, ect. We hope this book can demonstrate advances in Quantum Communication as well as give references to the researchers, students and other related people.
Quantum communication is a field of applied quantum physics closely related to quantum information processing and quantum teleportation. Quantum information science (QIS) [ 1 ] has been evolving rapidly in recent years in terms of quantum communications and quantum computing (QC). Its most interesting application is protecting information channels against eavesdropping by means of quantum cryptography. It is envisioned that QIS will enable and boost future 6G systems from both communication and computing perspectives. For example, secure quantum communications such as quantum key distribution (QKD) can be leveraged to improve 6G security. QIS mainly consists of four branches: quantum mechanics, QC, quantum communications, and quantum sensing (QS) and metrology. However, Quantum mechanics provides the theoretical foundations and building blocks for quantum communications, QC, and QS and metrology, as depicted in Figure 25.1 .
Summary form only given. Quantum mechanics offers the information scientist a new rich resource, which is only recently being tapped to allow for secure communication in the form of quantum cryptography, and for tremendous parallelism in quantum information processing and computing. I will describe developments and prospects for each. Quantum cryptography has already advanced beyond the research laboratory to become a realizable technology with proven secret key distribution for encryption. Quantum computing, although at an earlier stage of development has been recognized as a major new development in physics, enables us (if a quantum computer is realizable) to attack problems previously thought to be too complex for normal computation in a reasonable time. Examples of quantum algorithms involving this kind of advantage are Shor's for fast factorization (in itself a threat to secure communication) and Grover's for database searching. I will discuss the ways quantum mechanics allow such a speed-up, stressing how quantum entanglement is the key resource being exploited, and how quantum gates, networks, and the processors may be implemented in a realistically noisy environment. Simple demonstrators have already been built, and I will discuss prospects for future realization of large-scale processors.
Information is physical: the laws which govern its encoding, processing and communication are those of its unavoidable physical embodyment. In today's computing, information obeys the laws of Newton's and Maxwell's classical physics: this assertion holds all the way from commercial computers down to their most abstract models, e.g. Turing machines and lambda-calculi. Today's computation is classical.Research in quantum information processing and communication (QIPC) was born some twenty years ago, as a child of two major scientific achievements of the 20th century, namely quantum physics and information sciences. The driving force of this interdisciplinary research is that of looking for the consequences of having information encoding, computation and communication obey the laws of quantum physics, i.e. the ultimate knowledge that we have, today, of the foreign world of elementary particles, as described by quantum mechanics. Breakthroughs in algorithmics, cryptography, information theory and abstract computational models have shown that this rerooting of information from classical to quantum has far reaching consequences, both quantitative and qualitative, and opens new avenues for research within the foundations of computer science.The aim of this tutorial is to give a survey of the principles, main results and long term perspectives of current research in QIPC, from a computer science point of view. No prior knowledge in quantum mechanics is required to follow this tutorial. There will be two parts:1 - Computation, the quantum way: quantum bits and quantum operations; two major quantum algorithms: quadratic speedup for unordered database search (Grover's algorithm), exponential speedup for integer factoring (Shor's algorithm);2 - Communication, the quantum way, and longer term perspectives: quantum state teleportation; a quantum cryptographic protocol for secret key distribution. Hot topics in QIPC research, state of the art in physical implementation of quantum computers.