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Communications in Theoretical Physics

Hyperconcentration Based on Projection Measurements

Xiao Chen, Zhi Zeng, Xihan Li

Published Mar 1, 2014• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose an efficient hyperconcentration protocol for distilling maximally hyperentangled state from partially entangled pure state, resorting to the projection measurement on an auxiliary photon. In our scheme, two photons simultaneously entangled in polarization states and spatial modes are considered. One party performs quantum nondemolition detections on his photon and an additional photon to produce three photon hyperentangled state, then he projects the assistant photon into an orthogonal basis composed of both the polarization and spatial degree of freedom. Then the state of the left two photons collapses into maximally hyperentangled state with a certain probability. In the rest cases, some less-entangled states are obtained, which can be used as resource for the next round concentration. By repeating the concentration process for several rounds, a higher success probability can be obtained, which makes our scheme useful in practical quantum information applications.

DOI
10.1088/0253-6102/61/3/08

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We propose an efficient hyperconcentration protocol for distilling maximally hyperentangled state from partially entangled pure state, resorting to the projection measurement on an auxiliary photon. In our scheme, two photons simultaneously entangled in polarization states and spatial modes are considered. One party performs quantum nondemolition detections on his photon and an additional photon to produce three photon hyperentangled state, then he projects the assistant photon into an orthogonal basis composed of both the polarization and spatial degree of freedom. Then the state of the left two photons collapses into maximally hyperentangled state with a certain probability. In the rest cases, some less-entangled states are obtained, which can be used as resource for the next round concentration. By repeating the concentration process for several rounds, a higher success probability can be obtained, which makes our scheme useful in practical quantum information applications.
We present two hyperconcentration protocols for hyperentangled states, in which entanglement occurs simultaneously in the polarization and the spatial degrees of freedom. One uses an auxiliary single photon prepared in a fixed state. The other uses two less-entangled photon pairs. In both schemes, a two photon maximally hyperentangled state can be obtained from the nonmaximally entangled states with a certain success probability. The procrustean concentration is realized by polarizing beam splitters and nondestructive quantum nondemolition detection. In both protocols the unsuccessful instances can be reconcentrated repeatedly to get a higher success probability, which makes our schemes efficient and useful in quantum information processing.
We propose two schemes for concentration of hyperentanglement of nonlocal multipartite states which are simultaneously entangled in the polarization and spatial modes. One scheme uses an auxiliary single-photon state prepared according to the parameters of the less-entangled states. The other scheme uses two less-entangled states with unknown parameters to distill the maximal hyperentanglement. The procrustean concentration is realized by two parity check measurements in both the two degrees of freedom. Nondestructive quantum nondemolition detectors based on cross-Kerr nonlinearity are used to implement the parity check, which makes the unsuccessful instances reusable in the next concentration round. The success probabilities in both schemes can be made to approach unity by iteration. Moreover, in both schemes only one of the N parties has to perform the parity check measurements. Our schemes are efficient and useful for quantum information processing involving hyperentanglement.
We present a hyperconcentration scheme for nonlocal N -photon hyperentangled Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger states. The maximally hyperentangled state, in which N particles are entangled simultaneously in the polarization and the spatial mode, can be obtained with a certain probability from two partially hyperentangled states. The hyperconcentration scheme is based on one polarization parity check measurement, one spatial mode parity check measurement and N − 2 single-photon two-qubit measurements. The concentration only requires linear optical elements, which makes it feasible and practical with current technology.
We present two hyperentanglement concentration schemes for two-photon states that are partially entangled in the polarization and time-bin degrees of freedom. The first scheme distills a maximally hyperentangled state from two identical less-entangled states with unknown parameters via the Schmidt projection method. The other scheme can be used to concentrate an initial state with known parameters and requires only one copy of the initial state for the concentration process. Both these two protocols can be generalized to concentrate NNN-photon hyperentangled Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states that are simultaneously entangled in the polarization and time-bin degrees of freedom. Our schemes require only linear optics and are feasible with current technology. Using the time-bin degree of freedom rather than the spatial-mode degree of freedom can provide savings in quantum resources, which makes our schemes practical and useful for long-distance quantum communication.
Entanglement concentration protocol (ECP) is used to extract the maximally entangled states from less entangled pure states. Here we present a general hyperconcentration protocol for two-photon systems in partially hyperentangled Bell states that decay with the interrelation between the time-bin and the polarization degrees of freedom (DOFs), resorting to an input-output process with respect to diamond nitrogen-vacancy centers coupled to resonators. We show that the resource can be utilized sufficiently and the success probability is largely improved by iteration of the hyper-ECP process. Besides, our hyper-ECP can be directly extended to concentrate nonlocal partially hyperentangled N-photon Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states, and the success probability remains unchanged with the growth of the number of photons. Moreover, the time-bin entanglement is a useful DOF and it only requires one path for transmission, which means it not only economizes on a large amount of quantum resources but also relaxes from the path-length dispersion in long-distance quantum communication.
We propose an optimal nonlocal entanglement concentration protocol (ECP) for multiphoton systems in a partially entangled pure state, resorting to the projection measurement on an additional photon. One party in quantum communication first performs a parity-check measurement on her photon in an NNN-photon system and an additional photon, and then she projects the additional photon into an orthogonal Hilbert space for dividing the original NNN-photon systems into two groups. In the first group, the NNN parties will obtain a subset of NNN-photon systems in a maximally entangled state. In the second group, they will obtain some less-entangled NNN-photon systems which are the resource for the entanglement concentration in the next round. By iterating the entanglement concentration process several times, the present ECP has the maximal success probability, which is just equivalent to the entanglement of the partially entangled state. That is, this ECP is an optimal one.