We apply the Lambert W function in the context of complex energy values in statistical systems of fermions and bosons. We derive the condition for the transformation connecting fermions and bosons. We discuss the physical significance of these results and investigate the conditions under which bosonization effects take place. The fermion and boson statistical and structural distributions discussed in this work suggest the possibility of their extensions to generalized Planck distributions.
In nature, two different classes of particles are found, called fermi particles, or fermions, and bose particles, or bosons, respectively. The MB statistics is therefore an approximation to the true particle statistics and is applicable only in situations when most states are empty with some states occupied by a single particle and very few states, in the case of bosons, occupied by more than one particle. At high temperatures, the chemical potential decreases and the distribution changes its form dramatically. In discussing the quantum distribution functions, the authors have for convenience chosen the lowest state to have energy zero. The quantum distribution functions derived in this chapter are extremely useful in many areas of physics whenever what are called degenerate Fermi or Bose fluids are considered.
The mathematical methods that have been used to analyze the statistical properties of boson fields, and in particular the coherence of photons in quantum optics, have their counterparts for Fermi fields. The coherent states, the displacement operators, the P representation, and the other operator expansions all possess surprisingly close fermionic analogues. These methods for describing the statistical properties of fermions are based upon a practical calculus of anticommuting variables. They are used to calculate correlation functions and counting distributions for general systems of fermions.