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Unconditionally Secure Quantum Oblivious Transfer

Guoliang Chen

Published Jan 1, 2007• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

As a basic protocol of Secure Multi-party Computation,Oblivious Transfer(OT) is of significant research and application value.Most of previous oblivious transfer protocols in classical environment rely either on public-key cryptography or on additional computational assumptions which will be very vulnerable under quantum mechanics.Based on the characteristics of Bell States,a new quantum oblivious transfer protocol is proposed in this paper.The correctness and security of the protocol are analyzed and proved.The protocol is secure in the presence of noise on the channel and a potential eavesdropper.Comparing with oblivious transfer protocols in classical computational environment,the protocol in this paper is superior in security,soundness and wire-tapping detecting.

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As a basic protocol of Secure Multi-party Computation,Oblivious Transfer(OT) is of significant research and application value.Most of previous oblivious transfer protocols in classical environment rely either on public-key cryptography or on additional computational assumptions which will be very vulnerable under quantum mechanics.Based on the characteristics of Bell States,a new quantum oblivious transfer protocol is proposed in this paper.The correctness and security of the protocol are analyzed and proved.The protocol is secure in the presence of noise on the channel and a potential eavesdropper.Comparing with oblivious transfer protocols in classical computational environment,the protocol in this paper is superior in security,soundness and wire-tapping detecting.
Oblivious transfer (OT) is one of the keystones of secure multi-party computation. It is generally believed that unconditionally secure OT is impossible. In this article, we propose a practical and secure quantum all-or-nothing oblivious transfer protocol based on the quantum one-way function. The protocol is built upon a quantum public-key encryption construction, and its security relies on the no-cloning theorem and no-communication theorem. Practical security is reflected in limitations on non-demolition measurements.
Based on quantum uncertainty and quantum entanglement, an quantum allor-nothing oblivious transfer protocol is proposed. It is illustrated in detail that the protocol is unconditionally secure. The distinct merit of the present protocol lies in that it is not based on quantum bit commitment. The full utilization of the entanglement makes the protocol different from previous insecure ones, thus its security is not restricted by the no-go theorem of twoparty secure computations. Typeset using REVTEX 1 The research on the oblivious transfer (OT) problem may be traced back to more than twenty years ago [1,2]. Kilian [3] pointed out later that OT is very important in two-party and multi-party protocols. This is because in most symmetrical protocols, the participants always know each others ’ data. If some participants are dishonest or try to get extra information, the protocols become insecure. OT can create some secret between the participants and break this symmetry. Thus it can be used to implement multi-party protocols such as
In cryptography, oblivious transfer (OT) is an important multi-party cryptographic primitive and protocol, that is suitable for many upper-layer applications, such as secure computation, remote coin-flipping, electrical contract signing and exchanging secrets simultaneously. However, some no-go theorems have been established, indicating that one-out-of-two quantum oblivious transfer (QOT) protocols with unconditional security are impossible. Fortunately, some one-out-of-two QOT protocols using the concept of Crépeau’s reduction have been demonstrated not to conform to Lo’s no-go theorem, but these protocols require more quantum resources to generate classical keys using all-or-nothing QOT to construct one-out-of-two QOT. This paper proposes a novel and efficient one-out-of-two QOT which uses quantum resources directly instead of wasting unnecessary resources to generate classical keys. The proposed protocol is not covered by Lo’s no-go theorem, and it is able to check the sender’s loyalty and avoid the attack from the receiver. Moreover, the entangled state of the proposed protocol is reusable, so it can provide more services for the participants when necessary. Compared with other QOT protocols, the proposed protocol is more secure, efficient, and flexible, which not only can prevent external and internal attacks, but also reduce the required resources and resource distribution time.
Motivated by the applications of secure multi-party computation as a privacy-protecting data analysis tool, and identifying oblivious transfer as one of its main practical enablers, we propose a practical realization of randomized quantum oblivious transfer. By using only symmetric cryptography primitives to implement commitments, we construct computationally secure randomized oblivious transfer without the need for public-key cryptography or assumptions imposing limitations on the adversarial devices. We show that the protocol is secure under an indistinguishability-based notion of security and demonstrate an experimental implementation to test its real-world performance. Its security and performance are then compared to both quantum and classical alternatives, showing potential advantages over existing solutions based on the noisy storage model and public-key cryptography.
Oblivious transfer protocol is a basic building block in cryptography and is used to transfer information from a sender to a receiver in such a way that, at the end of the protocol, the sender does not know if the receiver got the message or not. Since Shor's quantum algorithm appeared, the security of most of the classical cryptographic schemes has been compromised, as they rely on the fact that factoring is infeasible. To overcome this, quantum mechanics has been used intensively in the past decades, and alternatives resistant to quantum attacks have been developed in order to fulfill the (potential) lack of security of a significant number of classical schemes. In this paper, we present a quantum computationally secure protocol for bit-string oblivious transfer between two parties, under the assumption of quantum hardness of state distinguishability and the constraint of performing at most few-qubit measurements (leaving open the question of general attacks performed on all qubits involved). The protocol is feasible, in the sense that it is implementable in polynomial time.
Abstract Oblivious transfer (OT) is one of the cornerstones of secure multiparty computation. It is clear that unconditionally secure OT is impossible. Any protocol for OT requires computational assumptions, such as number‐theoretic cryptographic assumptions or the assumptions of existence of one‐way functions. On the other hand, it is broadly believed that one‐way functions alone do not promise secure OT. However, in this paper, a novel computationally secure quantum oblivious transfer (QOT) protocol is proposed with the help of quantum channels under the minimum assumption requirements: the existence of one‐way functions.