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运城学院学报

Visualization Studies on Infinite Potential Well in Quantum Mechanics

Zhang Chun

Published Jan 1, 2014• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

In order to understand intuitively and visually the infinite potential well in quantum mechanics,the wave functions and probability density distributions of one-dimensional,two-dimensional and three-dimensional infinite potential well are given with the help of MATLAB software.Making a comparison between the results of theoretical computing and visualization figures,we can have a better understanding for potential well and have a higher learning interesting.

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In order to understand intuitively and visually the infinite potential well in quantum mechanics,the wave functions and probability density distributions of one-dimensional,two-dimensional and three-dimensional infinite potential well are given with the help of MATLAB software.Making a comparison between the results of theoretical computing and visualization figures,we can have a better understanding for potential well and have a higher learning interesting.
This research aims to develop computational visualization of the wave function and probability distribution of particles in a one dimensional infinite potential well. The wave function is obtained analytically from the time-independent Schrödinger equation and then normalized to give it probabilistic meaning. Numerical simulations are carried out using Python with the NumPy library for computation and Matplotlib for visualization, allowing manipulation of parameters such as box length and quantum number. The visualization results confirm the basic concepts of quantum mechanics, namely quantized energy levels, sinusoidal wave function forms with a specific number of nodes, and probability distributions that have several peaks and are always positive. The simulation also shows the correspondence between wave-function nodes and zero-probability points, as well as the increasing complexity of oscillations and variations in probability distributions as the quantum number increases. These findings are consistent with theoretical predictions and show that the computational approach is effective in visualizing abstract concepts in quantum mechanics, thereby clarifying the relationship between mathematical formulation and its physical interpretation.
In this article,via numerical method,we have shown the wave function diagrams corresponding to the different analytical solutions of the infinitely deep square potential,and the reason which causes the different phase of the analytic solution has been discussed.The probability density distribution curve is given,through which we found that the probability density distribution of the analytical solutions are identical even though the phase of them are different.This conclusion reflects in one side that a phase factor difference of the wave functions can exist in quantum mechanics.
After briefly reviewing the definitions of classical probability densities for position, P CL ( x ), and for momentum, P CL ( p ), we present several examples of classical mechanical potential systems, mostly variations on such familiar cases as the infinite well and the uniformly accelerated particle for which the classical distributions can be easily derived and visualized. We focus especially on a simple potential which interpolates between the symmetric linear potential, V ( x ) = F | x |, and the infinite well, which can illustrate, in a mathematically straightforward way, how the divergent δ-function classical probability density for momentum for the infinite well can be seen to arise. Such examples can help students understand the quantum mechanical momentum-space wavefunction (and its corresponding probability density) in much the same way that other semiclassical techniques, such as the WKB approximation, can be used to visualize position-space wavefunctions.
The wave function is a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics, but its abstract nature makes it difficult for students to understand its behavior. Furthermore, it is the probabilistic nature of particles that makes direct observation of quantum wave dynamics impossible. Therefore, this research investigates the eigenstates, superposition, and the time-dependent probability density of a particle within an infinite potential well through theoretical analysis and computational visualization based on Streamlit. The research method combines analysis with mathematical calculations to obtain the eigenstates, calculate |Ψ|², the expected position value, and the phase evolution of the superposition state. The visualizations illustrate the relationship between the wave function and quantum numbers, as well as interference patterns and time-dependent behavior. The visualization results show how the method represents theoretical concepts related to the probabilistic nature of particles. This research shows that theoretical analysis combined with interactive visualization provides an interactive representation that may facilitate students’ understanding of quantum mechanics concepts, a potential that still requires empirical validation through classroom-based studies. Unlike existing closed-source quantum applets, the Quantum Probability Explorer is fully open-source and directly couples the analytical solution of the Schrödinger equation with real-time interactive visualization of eigenstates and superposition, which constitutes the novelty of this study.