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Acta Optica Sinica

Effect of the pump fight fluctuation on the squeezing of resonance fluorescence

Ao D, Guo G

Published Jan 1, 1988• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The resonance flnoresenoe from a two-level atom driven by a realistic laser field with phase fluctuation is discussed using a phase-diffusion model. It is shown that when phase fluctuation of the pump laser beam inoreses the squeezing effects in the resonance fluorescence decrese, and the region of the sub-Poisson distribution of the field in the homodyne detection of the resonance fluorescence becomes less.

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The resonance flnoresenoe from a two-level atom driven by a realistic laser field with phase fluctuation is discussed using a phase-diffusion model. It is shown that when phase fluctuation of the pump laser beam inoreses the squeezing effects in the resonance fluorescence decrese, and the region of the sub-Poisson distribution of the field in the homodyne detection of the resonance fluorescence becomes less.
The quadrature squeezing spectra produced in the resonance fluorescence of a two-level atom driven by a strong coherent field and a weak amplitude-fluctuating field are investigated. For far-off-resonance and strong excitation, the resonance fluorescence exhibits two-mode squeezing around the Rabi sideband frequencies. Thus we have a source of two mode squeezing that is very easily frequency tuned simply by adjusting the generalized Rabi frequency. The presence of the strength of the stochastic process reduces the degree of squeezing obtainable. The quadrature squeezing spectra are also effected by the relative phase of the two fields.
A method of calculation of multiple-time correlation functions of the resonance fluorescence light from a two-level atom driven by a realistic laser field with phase and amplitude fluctuations is developed. Both kinds of fluctuations are assumed to be Gaussian. The phase fluctuations are treated in the phase-diffusion model. The averaging over the amplitude fluctuations can be performed in a closed way when the relative mean-square amplitude fluctuation is small compared with the ratio of the amplitude correlation decay rate to the characteristic atomic relaxation rate. There is no restriction to Markovian amplitude fluctuations. Arbitrary values for the mean Rabi frequency are allowed. Results are presented for the intensity, the intensity correlation function, and the spectrum of the fluorescent light. It is shown that even in the case when the relative strength of the amplitude fluctuations is small, significant effects can occur due to the finite correlation length of the fluctuations. The results for fast amplitude correlation decay correspond to the situation without amplitude fluctuations. When the correlation time of the amplitude fluctuations becomes comparable with the atomic relaxation times, the Rabi oscillations of the intensity and the intensity correlation function are nearly washed out, and non-Lorentzian line shapes for the side peaks in the spectrum are observed. It is found that the ratio of the heights of the central peak to the side peak increases with increasing correlation time.
We observe squeezing in the phase-dependent fluorescence spectra of two-level atoms that are coherently driven by a near-resonant laser field in free space. In contrast to previous predictions that emphasized the in- and out-of-phase quadratures, we find that maximum squeezing occurs for homodyne detection at a phase near $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}{45}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ relative to the exciting field. A new physical picture of phase-dependent noise is developed that incorporates quantum collapses into a Bloch vector model and yields a very simple form for the complete squeezing spectrum.
The quadrature squeezing spectra produced in the resonance fluorescence of a two-level atom are investigated, including the effects of a finite laser bandwidth due to phase diffusion. For resonant excitation at low intensities, the fluorescence field exhibits narrow bandwidth squeezing in the out-of-phase quadrature, centered at the laser frequency. Otherwise, squeezing occurs only in the in-phase quadrature. Specifically, for slightly off-resonance and weak excitation, the squeezing still centers at the laser frequency, with a finite bandwidth of the order of $\ensuremath{\gamma}.$ More importantly, for far-off-resonance and strong excitation, the resonance fluorescence exhibits two-mode squeezing around the Rabi sideband frequencies. Thus we have a source of two-mode squeezing that is very easily frequency tuned simply by adjusting the generalized Rabi frequency. The presence of a laser linewidth substantially reduces the degree of squeezing obtainable. The fluorescence shows no squeezing at all when the laser linewidth is greater than the atomic spontaneous emission linewidth.
Phase-sensitive squeezing in the resonance fluorescence of two-level atoms, that are coherently driven by a near-resonant laser field in free space, was observed recently (Lu et al 1998 Phys. Rev .L ett. 81 3635). This was accomplished via homodyne detection at a phase near ±45 ◦ relative to the driving field for strong off-resonant excitation of ‘long-lived’ atoms (where th ea tomic lifetime far exceeded the laser–atom interaction time, meaning that relaxation effects could be ignored). On the other hand, traditional theoretical predictions of phase-sensitive squeezing in the resonance fluorescence from two-level atoms have emphasized in- and out-of-phase (i.e., 0 ◦ and 90 ◦ ) quadratures, and weak, on-resonant excitation of ‘short-lived’ atoms (where the observation time for laser–atom interaction fa re xceeded the natural atomic lifetime, meaning that relaxation effects dominate). Here, we calculate the probability of a delayed-coincidence detection in the interference field of a fluorescing dipole with a local oscillator (LO). We show that, despite the strikingly different conditions in which squeezing occurs in short- and long-lived atoms, squeezing in both cases can be shown to arise from a joint detection of two photons which are related by a quantum jump in the following way: the first photodetection precipitates a quantum jump of the atom to the ground state, and the second measures the mean amplitude of the fluorescent field subsequent to the quantum jump.