Extended Bose-Hubbard model and atomic quantum simulation of U(1) gauge-Higgs model in (1 + 1) dimensions
Yoshihito Kuno, Keima Kawaki, Shinya Sakane, Kenichi Kasamatsu, Ikuo Ichinose, Tetsuo Matsui
Abstract
In this paper, we study atomic quantum simulations of $(1+1)$-dimensional($(1+1)$D) U(1) gauge-Higgs models (GHMs) defined on a lattice. We explain how U(1) lattice GHMs appear from an extended Bose-Hubbard model (EBHM) describing ultra-cold atoms with a nearest neighbor repulsion in a 1D optical lattice. We first study a phase diagram of the 1D EBHM at low fillings by means of a quantum Monte-Carlo(MC) simulation. Next, we study the EBHM at large fillings and also GHMs by the MC simulations in the path-integral formalism and show that there are four phases, i.e., the Higgs phase(superfluid), the confinement phase (Mott insulator), and phases corresponding to the density wave and the supersolid. With the obtained phase diagrams, we investigate the relationship between the two models. Finally, we study real-time dynamic of an electric flux in the GHMs by the Gross-Pitaevskii equations and the truncated Wigner approximation.