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International Journal of Quantum Information

Proof of the spin-statistics theorem in the relativistic regimen by Weyl’s conformal quantum mechanics

F. De Martini, Enrico Santamato

Published Apr 28, 2016• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The traditional standard theory of quantum mechanics is unable to solve the spin-statistics problem, i.e. to justify the utterly important “Pauli Exclusion Principle” but by the adoption of the complex standard relativistic quantum field theory. In a recent paper [E. Santamato and F. D. De Martini, Found. Phys. 45 (2015) 858] we presented a complete proof of the spin-statistics problem in the nonrelativistic approximation on the basis of the “Conformal Quantum Geometrodynamics” (CQG). In this paper, by the same theory, the proof of the spin-statistics theorem (SST) is extended to the relativistic domain in the scenario of curved spacetime. No relativistic quantum field operators are used in the present proof and the particle exchange properties are drawn from rotational invariance rather than from Lorentz invariance. Our relativistic approach allows to formulate a manifestly step-by-step Weyl gauge invariant theory and to emphasize some fundamental aspects of group theory in the demonstration. As in the nonrelativistic case, we find once more that the “intrinsic helicity” of the elementary particles enters naturally into play. It is therefore this property, not considered in the standard quantum mechanics (SQM), which determines the correct spin-statistics connection observed in Nature.

DOI
10.1142/s0219749916400116

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The traditional standard theory of quantum mechanics is unable to solve the spin-statistics problem, i.e. to justify the utterly important “Pauli Exclusion Principle” but by the adoption of the complex standard relativistic quantum field theory. In a recent paper [E. Santamato and F. D. De Martini, Found. Phys. 45 (2015) 858] we presented a complete proof of the spin-statistics problem in the nonrelativistic approximation on the basis of the “Conformal Quantum Geometrodynamics” (CQG). In this paper, by the same theory, the proof of the spin-statistics theorem (SST) is extended to the relativistic domain in the scenario of curved spacetime. No relativistic quantum field operators are used in the present proof and the particle exchange properties are drawn from rotational invariance rather than from Lorentz invariance. Our relativistic approach allows to formulate a manifestly step-by-step Weyl gauge invariant theory and to emphasize some fundamental aspects of group theory in the demonstration. As in the nonrelativistic case, we find once more that the “intrinsic helicity” of the elementary particles enters naturally into play. It is therefore this property, not considered in the standard quantum mechanics (SQM), which determines the correct spin-statistics connection observed in Nature.
The traditional standard theory of quantum mechanics is unable to solve the spin-statistics problem, i.e. to justify the utterly important \qo{Pauli Exclusion Principle} but by the adoption of the complex standard relativistic quantum field theory. In a recent paper (Ref. [1]) we presented a proof of the spin-statistics problem in the nonrelativistic approximation on the basis of the \qo{Conformal Quantum Geometrodynamics}. In the present paper, by the same theory the proof of the Spin-Statistics Theorem is extended to the relativistic domain in the general scenario of curved spacetime. The relativistic approach allows to formulate a manifestly step-by-step Weyl gauge invariant theory and to emphasize some fundamental aspects of group theory in the demonstration. No relativistic quantum field operators are used and the particle exchange properties are drawn from the conservation of the intrinsic helicity of elementary particles. It is therefore this property, not considered in the Standard Quantum Mechanics, which determines the correct spin-statistics connection observed in Nature [1]. The present proof of the Spin-Statistics Theorem is simpler than the one presented in Ref. [1], because it is based on symmetry group considerations only, without having recourse to frames attached to the particles.
The traditional Standard Quantum Mechanics is unable to solve the Spin-Statistics problem, i.e. to justify the utterly important Pauli Exclusion Principle. We show that this is due to the non completeness of the standard theory due to an arguable conception of the spin as a vector characterizing the rotational properties of the elementary particles. The present Article presents a complete and straightforward solution of the Spin-Statistics problem on the basis of the Conformal Quantum Geometrodynamics, a theory that has been proved to reproduce successfully all relevant processes of the Standard Quantum Mechanics based on the Dirac or Schrödinger equations, including Heisenberg uncertainty relations and nonlocal EPR correlations. When applied to a system made of many identical particles, an additional property of all elementary particles enters naturally into play: the intrinsic helicity. This property determines the correct Spin-Statistics connection observed in Nature.
The traditional Standard Quantum Mechanics (SQM) theory is unable to solve the Spin-s problem, i.e., to justify the utterly important "Pauli Exclusion Principle". A complete and straightforward solution of the Spin-Statistics problem is presented based on the "Weyl Integrable Quantum Mechanics" (WIQM) theory. This theory provides a Weyl-gauge invariant formulation of the Standard Quantum Mechanics and reproduces successfully, with no restrictions, the full set of the quantum mechanical processes, including the formulation of Dirac's or Schrödinger's equation, of Heisenberg's uncertainty relations, and of the nonlocal EPR correlations. etc. When the Weyl Integrable Quantum Mechanics is applied to a system made of many identical particles with spin, an additional constant property of all elementary particles enters naturally into play: the "intrinsic helicity", or the "intrinsic angular - momentum". This additional particle property, not considered by Standard Quantum Mechanics, determines the correct Spin-Statistics Connection (SSC) observed in Nature. All this leads to the consideration of a novel, most complete (in the EPR sense) quantum mechanical theory.
The traditional standard quantum mechanics (SQM) is unable to solve the spin-statistics problem, i.e. to justify the utterly important "Pauli exclusion principle". The present paper presents a simple and complete solution of the spin-statistics problem on the basis of the "conformal quantum geometrodynamics (CQG)", a theory that was found to reproduce successfully all relevant processes of the SQM based on Dirac's or Schrödinger's equations, including Heisenberg's uncertainty relations and non-local Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) correlations. When applied to a system made of many identical particles, an additional property of all elementary particles enters naturally into play: the "intrinsic helicity". This property, not considered in the SQM, determines the correct spin-statistics connection (SSC) observed in nature.
We respond to a recent request from Neuenschwander for an elementary proof of the Spin-Statistics Theorem. First, we present a pedagogical discussion of the results for the spin-0 Klein–Gordon field quantized according to Bose–Einstein statistics; and for the spin-12 Dirac field quantized according to Fermi–Dirac statistics and the Pauli Exclusion Principle. This discussion is intended to make our paper accessible to students familiar with the matrix solution of the quantum harmonic oscillator. Next, we discuss a number of candidate intuitive proofs and conclude that none of them pass muster. The reasons for their shortcomings are fully discussed. Then we discuss an argument, originally suggested by Sudarshan, which proves the theorem with a minimal set of requirements. Although we use Lorentz invariance in a specific and limited part of the argument, we do not need the full complexity of relativistic quantum field theory. Motivated by our particular use of Lorentz invariance, if we are permitted to elevate the conclusion of flavor symmetry (which we explain in the text) to the status of a postulate, one could recast our proof without any explicit relativistic assumptions, and thus make it applicable even in the nonrelativistic context. Such an argument, presented in the text, sheds some light on why it is that the ordinary Schrödinger field, considered strictly in the nonrelativistic context, seems to be quantizable with either statistics. Finally, an argument starting with ordinary-number valued (commuting), and with Grassmann-valued (anticommuting), oscillators shows in a natural way that these must relativistically embed into Klein–Gordon spin-0 and Dirac spin-12 fields, respectively. In this way, the Spin-Statistics Theorem is understood at the expense of admitting the existence of the simplest Grassmann-valued field.
A nonrelativistic proof of the spin-statistics theorem is given in terms of the field operators satisfying commutation and anticommutation relations, which are introduced here in the coordinate space as a means to build the permutation symmetry into the brackets of identical particles. An eigenvalue problem of a πππ-rotation for a product of two annihilation operators is combined with an analysis on its rotational property to prove the connection that the field operators for integral-spin and half-integral-spin particles obey the commutation and anticommutation relations, respectively.