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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Sympathetic cooling of nanospheres with cold atoms

Cris Montoya, Apryl Witherspoon, Gambhir Ranjit, Kirsten Casey, John E. Kitching, Andrew A. Geraci

Published May 26, 2016• 0 citations
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Abstract Near-field, radially symmetric optical potentials supported by a levitated nanosphere can be used for sympathetic cooling and for creating a bound nanosphere-atom system analogous to a large molecule. We demonstrate that the long range, Coulomb-like potential produced by a single blue detuned field increases the collisional cross-section by eight orders of magnitude, allowing fast sympathetic cooling of a trapped nanosphere to microKelvin temperatures using cold atoms. By using two optical fields to create a combination of repulsive and attractive potentials, we demonstrate that a cold atom can be bound to a nanosphere creating a new levitated hybrid quantum system suitable for exploring quantum mechanics with massive particles.
A proposal for cooling the translational motion of optically levitated magnetic nanoparticles is presented. The theoretical cooling scheme involves the sympathetic cooling of a ferromagnetic YIG nanosphere with a spin-polarized atomic gas. The particle–atom cloud coupling is mediated through the magnetic dipole–dipole interaction. When the particle and atom oscillations are small compared to their separation, the interaction potential becomes dominantly linear, which allows the particle to exchange energy with the N atoms. While the atoms are continuously Doppler cooled, energy is able to be removed from the nanoparticle’s motion as it exchanges energy with the atoms. The rate at which energy is removed from the nanoparticle’s motion was studied for three species of atoms (Dy, Cr, Rb) by simulating the full N + 1 equations of motion and was found to depend on system parameters with scalings that are consistent with a simplified model. The nanoparticle’s damping rate due to sympathetic cooling is competitive with and has the potential to exceed commonly employed cooling methods.