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Acta Physica Sinica

The research of properties of the quantum conditional amplitude operator

Zhang De-Xing, 贵州大学物理系，贵阳 550025

Published Jan 1, 2004• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper analyzes the properties of the quantum conditional amplitude operator.This operator plays a role similar to that of the conditional probability in classical information theory.One argues that the spectrum of the conditional operator that characterizes a quantum bipartite system is invariant under local unitary transformations,and shows its inseparability.It is proven that the conditional amplitude operator of a separable state cannot have an eigenvalue exceeding unity.A related separability condition based on the non-negativity of the von Neumann conditional entropy is obtained.

DOI
10.7498/aps.53.1647

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This paper analyzes the properties of the quantum conditional amplitude operator.This operator plays a role similar to that of the conditional probability in classical information theory.One argues that the spectrum of the conditional operator that characterizes a quantum bipartite system is invariant under local unitary transformations,and shows its inseparability.It is proven that the conditional amplitude operator of a separable state cannot have an eigenvalue exceeding unity.A related separability condition based on the non-negativity of the von Neumann conditional entropy is obtained.
We analyze properties of the quantum conditional amplitude operator [Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 5194 (1997)], which plays a role similar to that of the conditional probability in classical information theory. The spectrum of the conditional operator that characterizes a quantum bipartite system is shown to be invariant under local unitary transformations and reflects its inseparability. More specifically, it is proven that the conditional amplitude operator of a separable state cannot have an eigenvalue exceeding 1, which results in a necessary condition for separability. A related separability criterion based on the non-negativity of the von Neumann conditional entropy is also exhibited.
Abstract Chapter 20 provides a discussion of entropies and entropic quantities in quantum information theory, briefly considering the generalizations of the Rényi entropy to the quantum regime, but mainly focusing on the von Neumann entropy and its properties such as concavity, the Araki-Lieb inequality, and subadditivity. We introduce the quantum relative entropy, quantum joint entropy, quantum conditional entropy, and quantum mutual information, and prove key properties and results for these quantities, including Klein’s inequality, joint convexity, additivity, and monotonicity under completely positive and trace-preserving maps of the relative entropy, as well as weak monotonicity and strong subadditivity of the von Neumann entropy. We then analyse the relation of (negative) conditional entropy and entanglement. In this context we discuss the conditional amplitude operator and the mutual amplitude operator, as well as conditional Rényi entropies and their role for entanglement detection.
Conditional von Neumann entropy is an intriguing concept in quantum information theory. In the present work, we examine the effect of global unitary operations on the conditional entropy of the system. We start with a set containing states with a non-negative conditional entropy and find that some states preserve the non-negativity under unitary operations on the composite system. We call this class of states the absolute conditional von Neumann entropy non-negative (ACVENN) class. We characterize such states for $2\ensuremath{\bigotimes}2$--dimensional systems. From a different perspective the characterization accentuates the detection of states whose conditional entropy becomes negative after the global unitary action. Interestingly, we show that this ACVENN class of states forms a set which is convex and compact. This feature enables the existence of Hermitian witness operators. With these we can distinguish the unknown states which will have a negative conditional entropy after the global unitary operation. We also show that this has immediate application to superdense coding and state merging, as the negativity of the conditional entropy plays a key role in both these information processing tasks. Some illustrations followed by analysis are also provided to probe the connection of such states with absolutely separable states and absolutely local states.
Abstract Quantum coherence characterizes the non-classical feature of a single party system with respect to a local basis. Based on a recently introduced resource framework, coherence can be regarded as a resource and be systematically manipulated and quantified. Operationally, coherence quantifies the intrinsic randomness of the outcome of the projective measurement in the system’s computational basis. However, such a relation is only proven when randomness is characterized by the von Neumann entropy. In this work, we consider several recently proposed coherence measures and relate them to the general uncertainties of the projective measurement outcome conditioned on all the other systems. Our work thus provides a unified framework for redefining several coherence measures via general conditional entropies. Based on the relation, we numerically calculate the coherence measures via semi-definite programming. Furthermore, we discuss the operational meaning of the unified definition. Our result highlights the close relation between single partite coherence and bipartite quantum correlation.
Quantum states that possess negative conditional von Neumann entropy provide quantum advantage in several information-theoretic protocols including superdense coding, state merging, distributed private randomness distillation, and one-way entanglement distillation. While entanglement is an important resource, only a subset of entangled states have negative conditional von Neumann entropy. In this work, we characterize the class of density matrices having non-negative conditional von Neumann entropy as convex and compact. This allows us to prove the existence of a Hermitian operator (a witness) for the detection of states having negative conditional entropy for bipartite systems in arbitrary dimensions. We show two constructions of such witnesses. For one of the constructions, the expectation value of the witness in a state is an upper bound to the conditional entropy of the state. We pose the problem of obtaining a tight upper bound to the set of conditional entropies of states in which an operator gives the same expectation value. We solve this convex optimization problem numerically for a two qubit case and find that this enhances the usefulness of our witnesses. We also find that for a particular witness, the estimated tight upper bound matches the value of conditional entropy for Werner states. We explicate the utility of our work in the detection of useful states in several protocols.
Quantum states that possess negative conditional von Neumann entropy provide quantum advantage in several protocols including superdense coding, state merging, distributed private randomness distillation and one-way entanglement distillation. While entanglement is an important resource, only a subset of entangled states have negative conditional von Neumann entropy. Despite this utility, a proper resource theory for conditional von Neumann entropy has not been developed, unlike that of entanglement. We pave the way for such a resource theory by characterizing the class of density matrices having non-negative conditional von Neumann entropy as convex and compact. This allows us to prove the existence of a Hermitian operator (a witness) for the detection of states having negative conditional entropy for bipartite systems in arbitrary dimensions. We show constructions of this witness and explicate its utility in the detection of useful states in the above-mentioned protocols. We provide a local decomposition of the witness and probe its implications in the context of the uncertainty principle.