Waves Versus Particles

Donald C. Chang

S V Mousavi, M Golshani

The de Broglie–Bohm interpretation of quantum mechanics with and without spin-dependence is used to determine electron trajectories, arrival-time distribution of electrons and the mean arrival time of spin-1/2 particles (including electrons) in the presence of a uniform field and a barrier separately. The difference for the mean arrival times, which are calculated with different guidance equations, is examined versus mass of the arriving particle and versus group velocity of the arriving electron wave packet and also versus the width of the barrier. Numerical calculations show that these differences are of the order of 10 −18 –10 −17 s. Another feature of the modified guidance law is that Bohmian trajectories cross each other, but this does not contradict the single-valuedness of the wavefunction.

Roger G. Newton

Giampiero V. M. Esposito, Giuseppe Marmo, Gennaro Miele +1 more

А. Ч. Измайлов, Chingiz O. Qajar, R. A. Karamaliev

On the basis of density matrix equations, we theoretically investigated narrow sub-Doppler resonances in the spectral distribution of a number of atomic particles (atoms or molecules) optically excited in a metastable state in an ultrathin gas cell with the inner thickness less than or of the order of the wavelength λ ≤ 1 μm of the monochromatic light wave incident in the normal direction. Essential dependence of these resonances (on the center of the optical transition) was analyzed versus the inner thickness and transversal size of such a gas cell and also versus the intensity of the incident wave. Investigated resonances may be applied as references in high-accuracy optical frequency standards and for high precision measurements.