Image scrambling is a technique used for confidential storage and transmission as well as for image information hiding. In this study, we propose a multi-channel quantum image scrambling method, which applies both color and geometric transformations of an image. This is a simple and reliable method for transforming a meaningful quantum image into a meaningless or disordered one. We performed two simulation experiments, which demonstrated the efficiency and flexibility of the proposed method. Previous studies mainly developed scrambling strategies for grayscale quantum images, whereas the proposed method is effective for the color image scrambling in the quantum computing domain.
Image scrambling is a technique used for confidential storage and transmission as well as for image information hiding. In this study, we propose a multi-channel quantum image scrambling method, which applies both color and geometric transformations of an image. This is a simple and reliable method for transforming a meaningful quantum image into a meaningless or disordered one. We performed two simulation experiments, which demonstrated the efficiency and flexibility of the proposed method. Previous studies mainly developed scrambling strategies for grayscale quantum images, whereas the proposed method is effective for the color image scrambling in the quantum computing domain.
Image scrambling on classical computers has been widely studied, however, the corresponding quantum algorithms are rare. This paper proposes a block-based image scrambling scheme for the generalized model of novel enhanced quantum representation (GNEQR). It is not only suit for grayscale images and color images, but also can be used in 2n× 2mimages (i.e., rectangular images). To realize the image scrambling method, we use geometric transformations and an operation of bitplane scrambling to perform position and pixel scrambling, respectively. Furthermore, the complexity of the implementation circuit of the proposed image scrambling is only O(n2) for a 2n× 2nimage. Therefore, it shows our proposed quantum image scrambling is efficient. Then, the result analysis of simulation experiments demonstrates that our proposed image scrambling is effective. In addition, security analysis shows that the proposed scrambling algorithm is secure.
Quantum image processing is a new and exciting subdiscipline of quantum computation that aims to extend classical image processing applications on a quantum computer.The research starts with a proposal of a representation of images on a quantum computer, named Multi-Channel Representation for Quantum Images (MCQI).This representation encodes the positions and their corresponding colors in the images as a normalized quantum state.For an n by n sized image, 2n qubits and 3 qubits are used to carry the position and color respectively.The preparation procedure of a quantum image is discussed by the multi-channel polynomial preparation, which turns the initial quantum states to the MC-QI quantum states.The image retrieval procedure by quantum measurement is proposed which converts the quantum states to classical images.Furthermore, based on MCQI, some categories of possible processing transformations are suggested.By considering the structure of MCQI representation, the Channel of Interest (CoI), the Channel Swapping (CS), the Color Space Transformation (CST), and Alpha Blending (αB) quantum image processing operators are discussed using unitary transformations with low complexity.All the 4 operators are used to process the information about color in the images.Their complexity are analyzed in terms of the number of basic quantum gates which are needed to build the transformations, and they can be built by 9, 3, 287, 28 basic quantum gates, respectively.Some strategies for designing new transformations from known ones are proposed as well.These strategies can be used to design further algorithms for image processing.Based on the MCQI representation and the four image processing operators, a quantum measurement based double-key double-domain watermarking strategy for multichannel quantum images (MC-WaQI) is developed.In these application, a revised of the original MCQI representation and some restricted versions of the transformations are considered.The research provides the foundation to design other quantum image processing algorithms and can be extend to the following areas:• MCQI representation can be used to build quantum image database,• new frequency operations on quantum images based on quantum Fourier quantum discrete cosine, and quantum wavelet transformations,• building the special effect on color quantum movie,• image data transmission by quantum communication.
Quantum circuits to realize color operations of channel of interest, channel swapping, and alpha blending on images are proposed using five kinds of quantum gates, i.e., NOT, CNOT, Toffoli, Rotation, and Controlled Rotation gates. Complexities of the proposed circuits are for an N-sized image, whereas the color information must be transformed pixel by pixel in the case of operators on classical computers. Simulations on the proposed three quantum color operations using three human facial and one Japanese style house images demonstrate that at most 9, 3, and 5 basic quantum gates are requested, that shows the feasibility of quantum circuits. Based on proposed three operations, all invertible classical color information transformation on imagesmay be designed and many applications can be realized on quantum computer, and the channel of interest based watermarking is being researched which the experiment results show that from the point of PSNR, our proposal is about 10 dB better than the chosen method of quantum image watermarking.
The dual-scrambling scheme that combines position transformation and bit-plane transformation is a popular image encryption scheme. However, such schemes need more key information, and the encryption and decryption processes are complicated. In addition, the existing quantum image dual-scrambling schemes mainly deal with square images. In this paper, we propose a hybrid scrambling encryption scheme for multi-mode quantum image representation (MQIR) images based on random permutation, in which the H×W quantum image is represented in MQIR. A random number generator factor s uniquely associates one of the random permutations of integers from 1 to a positive integer, so as to hybrid scramble both the pixel position and the binarized position of each pixel value. Meanwhile, the quantum circuits and some examples of scrambling are given. Furthermore, various analyses of the performance of this scheme were conducted, including effectiveness, key space, and computational complexity. By modifying the random generation factor to construct multiple binary grayscale images, the simulated results on the IBM Quantum Cloud platform demonstrate that the proposed quantum image encryption scheme is effective. In comparison to existing quantum image dual scrambling schemes, it is both simple and effective, offering a large key space, lower computational complexity, and applicability to non-square quantum images.
We introduce groundbreaking techniques in image encryption, assuming the existence of quantum computing ressources functioning with qudits, where d is a power of 2. Our quantum representation of color multi-image is based on space-filling curves and allows to reduce the storage space. We generalize the quantum baker map, so that it may scramble two n-qudits. By doing so, we enlarge its parameter space exponentially, leading to a better security. We define two new concepts of mixed scrambling and mixed diffusion, and present a variety of schemes, depending on the needs of the users.
Security of quantum image encryption is ensured by the no-cloning theorem. Most existing high-secure quantum image encryption methods are designed for grayscale images. Thus, this paper proposes a quantum color image encryption method. It combines efficient-storage QRCI (Quantum Representation model of Color digital Images) representation and high-security quantum image encryption. The first-round encryption combines scrambling and diffusion while the second-round encryption adopts diffusion only. Tests results show that the proposed scheme achieves high NPCR and UACI. The encrypted image has much uniform color distribution than the original image.