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Proceedings of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences

Universal remote quantum computation assisted by the cavity input–output process

Ming-Xing Luo, Xiaojun Wang

Published Dec 1, 2015• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum computing may provide potential superiority to solve some difficult problems. We propose a scheme for scalable remote quantum computation based on an interface between the photon and the spin of an electron confined in a quantum dot embedded in a microcavity. By successively interacting auxiliary photon pulses with spins charged in optical cavities, a prototypical quantum controlled–controlled flip gate (Toffoli gate) is achieved on a remote three-spin system using only one Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen entanglement, and local operations and classical communication. Our proposed model is shown to be robust to practical noise and experimental imperfections in current cavity–quantum electrodynamics techniques.

DOI
10.1098/rspa.2015.0274

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Quantum computing may provide potential superiority to solve some difficult problems. We propose a scheme for scalable remote quantum computation based on an interface between the photon and the spin of an electron confined in a quantum dot embedded in a microcavity. By successively interacting auxiliary photon pulses with spins charged in optical cavities, a prototypical quantum controlled–controlled flip gate (Toffoli gate) is achieved on a remote three-spin system using only one Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen entanglement, and local operations and classical communication. Our proposed model is shown to be robust to practical noise and experimental imperfections in current cavity–quantum electrodynamics techniques.
Teleportation of unitary operations can be viewed as a quantum remote control. The remote realization of robust multiqubit logic gates among distant long-lived qubit registers is a key challenge for quantum computation and quantum information processing. Here we propose a simple and deterministic scheme for teleportation of a Toffoli gate among three spatially separated electron spin qubits in optical microcavities by using local linear optical operations, an auxiliary electron spin, two circularly-polarized entangled photon pairs, photon measurements, and classical communication. We assess the feasibility of the scheme and show that the scheme can be achieved with high average fidelity under the current technology. The scheme opens promising perspectives for constructing long-distance quantum communication and quantum computation networks with solid-state qubits.
We investigate the possibility of achieving scalable photonic quantum computing by the giant optical circular birefringence induced by a quantum-dot spin in a double-sided optical microcavity as a result of cavity quantum electrodynamics. We construct a deterministic controlled-not gate on two photonic qubits by two single-photon input-output processes and the readout on an electron-medium spin confined in an optical resonant microcavity. This idea could be applied to multi-qubit gates on photonic qubits and we give the quantum circuit for a three-photon Toffoli gate. High fidelities and high efficiencies could be achieved when the side leakage to the cavity loss rate is low. It is worth pointing out that our devices work in both the strong and the weak coupling regimes.
Distributed quantum computation requires that quantum operations may be acted on remote logical qubits. We investigate the possibility of the distributed quantum computation for nonlocal photons assisted by cavity quantum electrodynamics. We first give a compact circuit for the controlled-NOT gate on a remote two-photon system. For the Toffoli gate, we introduce two circuits for a bipartite system with one photonic Einstein-Podolski-Rosen (EPR) entanglement. Two EPR pairs are required for a tripartite system. These Toffoli gates cost a half of entanglements required in the previous teleportation-based quantum computation. These elementary gates may be combined flexibly up to special decompositions of joint system in large-scale quantum applications.
Abstract Semiconductor quantum‐dot (QD) spins hold great promise in quantum information science and technology. The implementation of high‐fidelity quantum gates on QD‐spin qubits is of great importance. Here, two schemes are presented to implement two universal quantum controlled gates, that is, the two‐qubit controlled‐not gate and the three‐qubit Toffoli gate, on stationary electron‐spin qubits in QDs inside single‐sided optical microcavities, based on the cavity‐assisted photon scattering under the balance condition. Compared with the previous schemes based on the ideal giant circular birefringence, the present schemes use the balance condition of the single‐sided QD‐cavity system, which can be achieved in both the weak‐ and strong‐coupling regimes of cavity quantum electrodynamics. Under the balance condition, the noise caused by the unbalanced reflectance between the coupled and uncoupled QD‐cavity systems can be efficiently depressed, so that the fidelity of each quantum gate operation can be increased to unity in principle. The schemes exhibit the possibility of realizing high‐fidelity and scalable quantum computing with single QD spins and single photons using the feasible and robust light–matter quantum interface. These high‐fidelity quantum controlled gates can lead to more efficient construction of quantum circuits for quantum computing, and provide a convenient avenue for quantum networking.
We present some compact quantum circuits for a deterministic quantum computing on electron-spin qubits assisted by quantum dots inside single-side optical microcavities, including the CNOT, Toffoli, and Fredkin gates. They are constructed by exploiting the giant optical Faraday rotation induced by a single-electron spin in a quantum dot inside a single-side optical microcavity as a result of cavity quantum electrodynamics. Our universal quantum gates have some advantages. First, all the gates are accomplished with a success probability of 100% in principle. Second, our schemes require no additional electron-spin qubits and they are achieved by some input-output processes of a single photon. Third, our circuits for these gates are simple and economic. Moreover, our devices for these gates work in both the weak coupling and the strong coupling regimes, and they are feasible in experiment.
Quantum computation offers potential advantages in solving a number of interesting and difficult problems. Several controlled logic gates, the elemental building blocks of quantum computer, have been realized with various physical systems. A general technique was recently proposed that significantly reduces the realization complexity of multiple-control logic gates by harnessing multi-level information carriers. We present implementations of a key quantum circuit: the three-qubit Toffoli gate. By exploring the optical selection rules of one-sided optical microcavities, a Toffoli gate may be realized on all combinations of photon and quantum spins in the QD-cavity. The three general controlled-NOT gates are involved using an auxiliary photon with two degrees of freedom. Our results show that photons and quantum spins may be used alternatively in quantum information processing.