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Viewpoint: Trampolines Sense a Disturbance in the Force

John D. Teufel

Published Apr 18, 2016• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Researchers have engineered trampoline resonators that may be able to sense extremely weak forces and display quantum behavior at ambient temperatures.

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Trampolines Sense a Disturbance in the Force Researchers have engineered trampoline resonators that may be able to sense extremely weak forces and display quantum behavior at ambient temperatures.

John D. Teufel

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Strained membrane resonators have emerged as a promising platform for optomechanical accelerometry; however, the desired combination of low frequency and high $Q$-mass product requires a rethinking of their dissipation dilution engineering. Applying Bayesian optimization to a Si$_3$N$_4$ membrane, we discover a class of sail-like trampoline resonators in which the frequency is decreased by an order of magnitude while preserving the $Q$-mass product. We demonstrate centimeter-scale sails with kHz frequencies, $Q\sim10^7$ and $Q\times\text{mass}\sim$ 10 g. Vertically integrating a 7 kHz device with a nanoribbon, we realize a monolithic cavity optomechanical accelerometer with a room temperature thermal noise of $40\;\text{n}g_0/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$, sufficient to resolve $μg_0/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$ ambient vibration over a bandwidth of 4 kHz with a displacement imprecision of $10^{-14}\;\text{m}/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$. Cryogenic arrays of sail membranes may be attractive for new physics searches and distributed quantum sensing experiments.

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Abstract It belongs to a hot topic to sense or detect the weak and even ultra-weak physical quantities by utilizing quantum platforms and methods. We here propose a hybrid magnon-photon system of the yttrium iron garnet (YIG) magnon mode coupled to a microwave cavity, which also includes another degree of freedom with respect to the thermal vibration of this YIG microsphere. In this quasi-tripartite coupling system, we generalize the condition for satisfying energy degeneracy and anti-crossing behaviors. Especially around the zero-energy area, we can get the joint quantum effects of anti-crossing behavior and degeneracy of systemic energy, and then reach a significantly enhanced sensitivity to this phase disturbance. Therefore our proposal can characterize this weak vibration through a phase disturbance and indicate a group of clearly resolvable output spectra. This investigation may be considered as an encouraging attempt on sensing weak quantity by engineering the systemic energy into the critical area for further enlarging its sensitivity to the weak disturbance.

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Diamond quantum sensors: from physics to applications on condensed matter research

Kin On Ho, Yang Shen, Yiu Yung Pang +3 more

Single qubit in solid-state materials recently emerges as a versatile platform for quantum information. Among them, the nitrogen vacancy (NV) centre in diamond has become a powerful tool in quantum sensing for detecting various physics parameters, including electric and magnetic fields, temperature, force, strain, with ultimate precision and resolutions. It has been widely used in different conditions, from samples in ambient to samples in ultra-high pressure and low temperature. It can detect quantum phase transitions as well as neuron activities. Here we give a general review on both the physics of the sensing mechanism and protocols and applications.

Functional Diamond•Jan 2, 2021•47 citations
Strained membrane resonators have emerged as a promising platform for optomechanical accelerometry; however, the desired combination of low frequency and high QQQ-mass product requires a rethinking of their dissipation dilution engineering. Applying Bayesian optimization to a Si3_33​N4_44​ membrane, we discover a class of sail-like trampoline resonators in which the frequency is decreased by an order of magnitude while preserving the QQQ-mass product. We demonstrate centimeter-scale sails with kHz frequencies, Q∼107Q\sim10^7Q∼107 and Q×mass∼Q\times\text{mass}\simQ×mass∼ 10 g. Vertically integrating a 7 kHz device with a nanoribbon, we realize a monolithic cavity optomechanical accelerometer with a room temperature thermal noise of 40  ng0/Hz40\;\text{n}g_0/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}40ng0​/Hz​, sufficient to resolve μg0/Hzμg_0/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}μg0​/Hz​ ambient vibration over a bandwidth of 4 kHz with a displacement imprecision of 10−14  m/Hz10^{-14}\;\text{m}/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}10−14m/Hz​. Cryogenic arrays of sail membranes may be attractive for new physics searches and distributed quantum sensing experiments.
Abstract It belongs to a hot topic to sense or detect the weak and even ultra-weak physical quantities by utilizing quantum platforms and methods. We here propose a hybrid magnon-photon system of the yttrium iron garnet (YIG) magnon mode coupled to a microwave cavity, which also includes another degree of freedom with respect to the thermal vibration of this YIG microsphere. In this quasi-tripartite coupling system, we generalize the condition for satisfying energy degeneracy and anti-crossing behaviors. Especially around the zero-energy area, we can get the joint quantum effects of anti-crossing behavior and degeneracy of systemic energy, and then reach a significantly enhanced sensitivity to this phase disturbance. Therefore our proposal can characterize this weak vibration through a phase disturbance and indicate a group of clearly resolvable output spectra. This investigation may be considered as an encouraging attempt on sensing weak quantity by engineering the systemic energy into the critical area for further enlarging its sensitivity to the weak disturbance.
Single qubit in solid-state materials recently emerges as a versatile platform for quantum information. Among them, the nitrogen vacancy (NV) centre in diamond has become a powerful tool in quantum sensing for detecting various physics parameters, including electric and magnetic fields, temperature, force, strain, with ultimate precision and resolutions. It has been widely used in different conditions, from samples in ambient to samples in ultra-high pressure and low temperature. It can detect quantum phase transitions as well as neuron activities. Here we give a general review on both the physics of the sensing mechanism and protocols and applications.