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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Relaxation Dynamics Of Bose-Fermi Doublons In Optical Lattices

Arghavan Safavi-Naini, Martin G arttner, Johannes Schachenmayer, Michael L. Wall, Jacob P. Covey, Steven A. Moses, Matthew Miecnikowski, Zhengkun Fu, Ana María Rey, Deborah Jin, Jun Ye

Published May 26, 2016• 0 citations
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We study the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of a dilute, lattice-confined Bose-Fermi mixture initialized in a highly excited state consisting of boson-fermion pairs (doublons) occupying single lattice sites. This system represents a paradigmatic case for studying relaxation dynamics in strongly correlated systems, and provides a versatile platform for studying thermalization and localization phenomena. We provide analytical expressions for the short-time decay of isolated doublons and small doublon clusters due to the competition between tunneling and interparticle interactions. We also discuss a mechanism for long-time decay that crucially depends on the quantum statistics of the particles constituting the doublon, namely, the conversion of pairs of neighboring doublons into an unpaired fermion and a site with a fermion and two bosons. Building on these insights, we develop a cluster expansion method to describe the dynamics in extended systems and compare it to numerically exact matrix product state simulations in one dimension. Finally, we discuss how our predictions can be observed in experiments with ultracold heteronuclear molecules.
Polar molecules in an optical lattice provide a versatile platform to study quantum many-body dynamics. Here we use such a system to prepare a density distribution where lattice sites are either empty or occupied by a doublon composed of an interacting Bose-Fermi pair. By letting this out-of-equilibrium system evolve from a well-defined, but disordered, initial condition, we observe clear effects on pairing that arise from inter-species interactions, a higher partial-wave Feshbach resonance and excited Bloch-band population. These observations facilitate a detailed understanding of molecule formation in the lattice. Moreover, the interplay of tunnelling and interaction of fermions and bosons provides a controllable platform to study Bose-Fermi Hubbard dynamics. Additionally, we can probe the distribution of the atomic gases in the lattice by measuring the inelastic loss of doublons. These techniques realize tools that are generically applicable to studying the complex dynamics of atomic mixtures in optical lattices.
We investigate the decay of highly excited states of ultracold fermions in a three-dimensional optical lattice. Starting from a repulsive Fermi-Hubbard system near half filling, we generate additional doubly occupied sites (doublons) by lattice modulation. The subsequent relaxation back to thermal equilibrium is monitored over time. The measured absolute doublon lifetime covers 2 orders of magnitude. In units of the tunneling time h/J it is found to depend exponentially on the ratio of on-site interaction energy U to kinetic energy J. We argue that the dominant mechanism for the relaxation is a simultaneous many-body process involving several single fermions as scattering partners. A many-body calculation is carried out using diagrammatic methods, yielding fair agreement with the data.