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Transaction of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics

Stronger Provable Secure Model for Key Exchange

Yongjun Ren, Jiandong Wang, Dazhuan Xu, Yi Zhuang

Published Dec 30, 2009• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The key exchange is a fundamental building block in the cryptography. Several provable security models for the key exchange protocol are proposed. To determine the exact properties required by the protocols, a single unified security model is essential. The eCK', eCK and CK models are examined and the result is proved that the eCK' model is the strongest provable security model for the key exchange. The relative security strength among these models is analyzed. To support the implication or non-implication relations among these models, the formal proofs and the counter-examples are given.

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The key exchange is a fundamental building block in the cryptography. Several provable security models for the key exchange protocol are proposed. To determine the exact properties required by the protocols, a single unified security model is essential. The eCK', eCK and CK models are examined and the result is proved that the eCK' model is the strongest provable security model for the key exchange. The relative security strength among these models is analyzed. To support the implication or non-implication relations among these models, the formal proofs and the counter-examples are given.
Many recent key exchange (KE) protocols have been proven secure in the CK, CK-HMQV, or eCK security models. The exact relation between these security models, and hence the relation between the security guarantees provided by the protocols, is unclear. We show first that the CK, CK-HMQV, and eCK security models are formally incomparable. Second, we show that these models are also practically incomparable, by providing for each model attacks on protocols from the literature that are not considered by the other models. Third, our analysis enables us to find previously unreported flaws in protocol security proofs from the literature. We identify the causes of these flaws and show how they can be avoided.
Many recent protocols for Authenticated Key Exchange have been proven correct in the CK, CK-HMQV, or eCK security models. The exact relation between the security models, and hence between the security guarantees provided by the protocols, is unclear. We show that the CK, CK-HMQV, and eCK security models are formally incomparable for a number of reasons. Second, we show that these models are also practically incomparable, by providing for each model attacks on existing protocols that are not considered by the other models. Our analysis exposes many subtleties of these models, some of which can even be generalized to reveal shortcomings in security proofs in related AKE security models.
Currently there are few tripartite Authenticated Key Exchange(AKE) protocols which have a formal security proof.Aiming at this problem,this paper investigates the security model for the tripartite AKE protocols.A strong security model named enhanced CanettiKrawczyk(eCK) model for two-party AKE protocols is proposed.A strong security model for three-party AKE protocols is introduced which generalizes the eCK model for two-party setting,and the insider attack is taken into account.It presents a new tripartite AKE protocol and shows that the protocol is provably secure in the strong security model.
The extended Canetti-Krawczyk(eCK) model proposed by LaMacchia et al.is currently regarded as the strongest security model for authenticated key exchange(AKE) protocols.In the eCK model,the adversary can make queries on the test session,and reveal both ephemeral private keys,both long-term keys,or one of each from the two different parties.In this paper,we analyze two AKE protocols designed in the eCK model based on the definition of eCK model.We propose ephemeral keys compromised attacks and long-term keys compromised attacks on one of them,and also propose ephemeral keys compromised attacks on the other one.The results of analysis show that both of them are insecure in the eCK model.
How to construct secure key agreement protocol is one of the most challenging problems in information security area.However,most of the current secure protocols can only achieve heuristic security,the security assumptions and efficiencies of these protocols are not perfect.To solve these problems,the authors propose a new 2 rounds two-party authenticated key agreement protocol and point out some principles to construct a secure protocol by analyzing the security properties of the protocol,then prove strictly that the new protocol is secure in eCK model.According to pertinent literature,eCK model provides the strongest definition of security for two party key agreement protocol at present.Performance analysis shows that the protocol has a good balance between computational cost and security assumption.The authors also present a three-round variant of the protocol to realize key conformation property.