A Staged Reading of the Play: Delicate Particle Logic

Л Г Антипенко

The development of the logical and mathematical foundations of quantum physics and, first of all, quantum mechanics is the work of a large team of physicists, mathematicians and philosophers who have contributed to the solution of this problem. The title of the article lists the names of four scientists who, according to the author, paved the way for the creation of quantum logic. This must be understood in such a way that from the very beginning (Heisenberg and Schrödinger) it was established that the properties of quantum objects are described not by numbers, but by operators. In the relationships of the operators themselves, one could see an analogue of Boolean algebra of classical logic. Weizsäcker raised the question of how the physical quantity of time, in describing the motion states of quantum objects, can be represented: an operator or a state vector? The author of the article shows that the development of quantum mechanics has gone through two stages. The first stage differs in that complex numbers and functions were introduced into physics, in other words, elements of the theory of functions of a complex variable. At the second stage, spinor calculus penetrated into quantum physics. If at the first stage methods were presented for describing the external degrees of freedom (motion) of elementary particles and other quantum objects, then the second stage was marked by the description of internal degrees of elementary particles. It became possible to understand that the measured mass of an electron or any other fermion is an averaged quantity, it consists of two ingredients: a positive mass and a negative mass (two values of the corresponding operator). An important role in this discovery played the operation of dialectical negation (privation), borrowed from Heidegger's fundamental ontology.

François Laruelle, Drew S. Burk

Naoki Takeuchi, Taro Yamashita, Shigeyuki Miyajima +3 more

Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SSPDs or SNSPDs) have superior performance and are thus used for many applications, such as quantum information and laser communications. Lately, much effort has been spent on the development of multi-pixel SSPD arrays to achieve single-photon-level imaging. SSPD arrays require efficient readout schemes that reduce the number of coaxial cables for reading out the SSPD pixels. In a previous study, we proposed a readout interface using adiabatic quantum-flux-parametron (AQFP) logic, which digitizes the information of an SSPD at cryogenic temperature. In this study, we show the first demonstration of an SSPD that is read out by the AQFP readout interface placed in the same 0.1-W Gifford-McMahon cryocooler. The measurement results show that the AQFP readout interface reads out the SSPD with low error rates. Also, it is found that the temperature of the sample stage does not change even after the AQFP readout interface is turned on, which indicates that the power and current required for the AQFP readout interface are sufficiently low for the implementation using a compact cryocooler.

Carol Anne Fischer

Tristen Pierson

This project is the calibration stage of a study that tests, in the ground state of an engineered two-dimensional free-fermion system prepared on a cloud quantum processor, whether one constant per regime reads a region's particle-number variance off the number of lattice bonds its boundary crosses, once corrections computed exactly in advance are applied. The study runs in two registered stages. This stage, characterization, measures the instrument's noise floors on a frozen set of 30 region instances against their exact classical values; its measurements are calibration data, not evidence, and no claim is judged here. A second registration, filed after this stage's branch decision fixes the judged set, will register the claim, its frozen test, and its verdict rule before any judged measurement. No measurements have been taken yet: this registration is filed before the stage's runs, and its results will be reported against it, whatever they show.

Mamuka G. Dolidze