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Physical Review A

Reply to “Comment on ‘Solvability of the two-photon Rabi Hamiltonian’ ”

Igor Travěnec

Published Mar 10, 2015• 26 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In the Comment, it is shown that functions used to find the spectrum of two-photon Rabi Hamiltonian vanish. This is true; nevertheless, our method evidently works. The trick is based on a substitution making the coefficients of following truncated Taylor series explicitly dependent on energies, and then the roots of the above-mentioned functions approach the eigenenergies. Thus it is the combination of entire exponential functions and truncated Taylor series that gives nontrivial results.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.91.037802

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In the Comment, it is shown that functions used to find the spectrum of two-photon Rabi Hamiltonian vanish. This is true; nevertheless, our method evidently works. The trick is based on a substitution making the coefficients of following truncated Taylor series explicitly dependent on energies, and then the roots of the above-mentioned functions approach the eigenenergies. Thus it is the combination of entire exponential functions and truncated Taylor series that gives nontrivial results.
An implicit formula for the spectrum of the two-photon Rabi model was presented by Trav\ifmmode \check{e}\else \v{e}\fi{}nec in Phys. Rev. A 85, 043805 (2012), in analogy to the method of Braak [Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 100401 (2011)]. The spectrum is given by common zeros of four functions Gc(z,E){G}_{c}(z,E)Gc​(z,E) taken with a fixed value of $z\ensuremath{\in}\mathbb{C}$. We point out that all the Gc(z,E){G}_{c}(z,E)Gc​(z,E) functions defined by Trav\ifmmode \check{e}\else \v{e}\fi{}nec are identically zero, thus the spectrum is not in fact given by their roots.
The spectrum of the two-photon Rabi Hamiltonian is found, proceeding in full analogy with the solution of the standard (one-photon) Rabi Hamiltonian, published by D. Braak [Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 100401 (2011)]. The Hamiltonian is rewritten as a set of two differential equations. Symmetries that get hidden after further treatment are found. One can plainly see how the Hilbert space splits into four disjunct subspaces, categorized by four values of the symmetry parameter $c=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1,\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}i$. There were only two values, $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$, for the standard Rabi model. The values of ccc are in fact the eigenvalues of the respective parity operators. Four analytic functions are introduced by a recurrence scheme for the coefficients of their series expansion. All their roots yield the complete spectrum of the Hamiltonian. Eigenstates in Bargmann space can also be found.
As established in the seminal work by Berry et al.[1], expanding the time evolution operator using truncated Taylor series (up to some order KKK) makes a good candidate for simulating Hamiltonian dynamics. Here, we adapt the method but present an alternative quantum circuit that maintains an equivalent asymptotic elementary gate cost but has an exponentially reduced number of ancilla qubits. This is realized by utilizing mid-circuit measurements (with early abort-and-restart of circuit execution), and transforming a series of multi-controlled(Hk)(H^k)(Hk) to a series of singly-controlled(Hk′)(H^{k'})(Hk′), where HHH is a linear combination of unitaries and k,k′k, k'k,k′ are integers. The proposed circuit utilizes a total of ⌈log⁡(K)⌉+⌈log⁡(L)⌉+n\lceil \log(K) \rceil + \lceil \log(L) \rceil +n⌈log(K)⌉+⌈log(L)⌉+n qubits, where LLL is the number of terms in the Hamiltonian and nnn is the system qubit size. Our shorter width circuit with mid-measurements protocol is implemented and evaluated using the programming language Guppy[2,3].
By mapping the Hamiltonians of the 2-mode and 2-photon Rabi models to differential operators in suitable Hilbert spaces of entire functions, we prove that the two models possess entire and normalizable wave functions in the Bargmann–Hilbert spaces only if the frequency [Formula: see text] and coupling strength [Formula: see text] satisfy certain constraints. This is in sharp contrast to the quantum Rabi model for which entire wave functions always exist. For model parameters fulfilling the aforesaid constraints, we determine transcendental equations whose roots give the regular energy eigenvalues of the models. Furthermore, we show that for [Formula: see text], the [Formula: see text]-photon Rabi model does not possess wave functions which are elements of the Bargmann–Hilbert space for all non-trivial model parameters. This implies that the [Formula: see text] case is not diagonalizable, unlike its RWA cousin, the [Formula: see text]-photon Jaynes–Cummings model which can be completely diagonalized for all [Formula: see text].