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Advances in atomic, molecular, and optical physics

Manipulation of nonclassical field states in a cavity by atom interferometry

S. Haroche, J. M. Raimond

Published Dec 31, 1994• 14 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Two new domains in quantum optics have emerged in recent years. Manipulation of atomic systems by electromagnetic fields has been developed in refined light cooling and trapping experiments. The atomic external degrees of freedom can now be controlled with great precision, and atoms can be cooled down to low temperatures corresponding to very large de Broglie wavelengths, making atomic interferometry practical and opening the way to many applications in fundamental Physics. 40 refs., 14 figs.

Related papers

Atom cooling, trapping, and quantum manipulation

Carl Wieman, David E. Pritchard, David J. Wineland

Neutral atoms and ions can now be cooled, trapped, and precisely manipulated using laser beams and other electromagnetic fields. This has made it possible to control external degrees of freedom at the quantum level, thereby making possible a variety of interesting new physics.

Reviews of Modern Physics•Mar 1, 1999•244 citations

Low temperature physics without a cryostat: laser cooling and trapping of atoms

N. P. Bigelow

In recent years, there has been significant interest in the laser manipulation of neutral atoms, and specifically in the use of light fields to manipulate not only the internal but also the external coordinates of an atom. Among the most dramatic results of this work have been the production of dense ultra-cold samples of trapped neutral atoms. These samples have been used to expand the horizons of fundamental physics and have made possible significant advancements in metrology. Furthermore, the ability to manipulate atomic motion with light has helped to create entirely new fields of research such as atom optics where matter wave analogues of light wave systems are investigated and optical where light is used to create a periodic array of atoms similar to crystals.

Low Temperature Physics•Feb 1, 1998•1 citation

Quantum State Engineering and Precision Metrology Using State-Insensitive Light Traps

Jun Ye, Harry J. Kimble, Hidetoshi Katori

Precision metrology and quantum measurement often demand that matter be prepared in well-defined quantum states for both internal and external degrees of freedom. Laser-cooled neutral atoms localized in a deeply confining optical potential satisfy this requirement. With an appropriate choice of wavelength and polarization for the optical trap, two electronic states of an atom can experience the same trapping potential, permitting coherent control of electronic transitions independent of the atomic center-of-mass motion. Here, we review a number of recent experiments that use this approach to investigate precision quantum metrology for optical atomic clocks and coherent control of optical interactions of single atoms and photons within the context of cavity quantum electrodynamics. We also provide a brief survey of promising prospects for future work.

arXiv:0804.0254•Science•Jun 26, 2008•419 citations

Quantum Control of Motional States of Neutral Atoms: Exploiting the External Degrees of Freedom

N. P. Bigelow, Witek Chalupczak, Renato Ejnisman +3 more

As research in quantum optics has advanced, so too has our ability to precisely tailor the quantum state of a system.Indeed, techniques for quantum state preparation have become sufficiently advanced that an entire subfield has appeared which has been given the name "quantum control".. Parallel to these advances have been other striking developments in quantum optics, in particular, laser cooling and trapping of nentral atoms.In this paper we describe some of the recent advancements in laser cooling, particularly in our laboratories, and point out that laser cooling and trapping is also realizing an important form of quantum control.In laser cooling, instead of exercising control over the internal quantum state of an atom or molecule or a laser field, we are instead controlling a complementary set of degrees of freedom: those of the external coordinates of the atom.

Acta Physica Polonica A•Jan 1, 1998•4 citations

Inertial quantum sensors using light and matter

B. Barrett, Andréa D Bertoldi, Philippe Bouyer

Abstract The past few decades have seen dramatic progress in our ability to manipulate and coherently control matter-waves. Although the duality between particles and waves has been well tested since de Broglie introduced the matter-wave analog of the optical wavelength in 1924, manipulating atoms with a level of coherence that enables one to use these properties for precision measurements has only become possible with our ability to produce atomic samples exhibiting temperatures of only a few millionths of a degree above absolute zero. Since the initial experiments a few decades ago, the field of atom optics has developed in many ways, with both fundamental and applied significance. The exquisite control of matter waves offers the prospect of a new generation of force sensors exhibiting unprecedented sensitivity and accuracy, for applications from navigation and geophysics to tests of general relativity. Thanks to the latest developments in this field, the first commercial products using this quantum technology are now available. In the future, our ability to create large coherent ensembles of atoms will allow us an even more precise control of the matter-wave and the ability to create highly entangled states for non-classical atom interferometry.

arXiv:1603.03246•Physica Scripta•Apr 13, 2016•48 citations

Laser cooling and trapping as an enabling technology

Carl Wieman

Summary form only given. Techniques for cooling and trapping atoms now provide unique capabilities for the manipulation of atoms. In particular, they make possible very low temperatures, extraordinarily high atomic phase space densities, and long perturbation-free observation times. These capabilities enable one to carry out many new measurements on atoms with great precision and/or in entirely new regimes of temperature and density. This tutorial will concentrate primarily on the practical aspects of how to apply current laser cooling and trapping techniques. This will include descriptions of the various techniques and their capabilities, as well as a discussion of tradeoffs between price, complexity, and various performance parameters. Finally, I will briefly discuss how these techniques are applied in a number of specific cases including cold collisions, precision measurements including atomic clocks, atom interferometry, collecting radioactive isotopes, and the creation of Bose-Einstein condensates.

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics•Jun 2, 1996•0 citations
Two new domains in quantum optics have emerged in recent years. Manipulation of atomic systems by electromagnetic fields has been developed in refined light cooling and trapping experiments. The atomic external degrees of freedom can now be controlled with great precision, and atoms can be cooled down to low temperatures corresponding to very large de Broglie wavelengths, making atomic interferometry practical and opening the way to many applications in fundamental Physics. 40 refs., 14 figs.
In recent years, there has been significant interest in the laser manipulation of neutral atoms, and specifically in the use of light fields to manipulate not only the internal but also the external coordinates of an atom. Among the most dramatic results of this work have been the production of dense ultra-cold samples of trapped neutral atoms. These samples have been used to expand the horizons of fundamental physics and have made possible significant advancements in metrology. Furthermore, the ability to manipulate atomic motion with light has helped to create entirely new fields of research such as atom optics where matter wave analogues of light wave systems are investigated and optical where light is used to create a periodic array of atoms similar to crystals.
Precision metrology and quantum measurement often demand that matter be prepared in well-defined quantum states for both internal and external degrees of freedom. Laser-cooled neutral atoms localized in a deeply confining optical potential satisfy this requirement. With an appropriate choice of wavelength and polarization for the optical trap, two electronic states of an atom can experience the same trapping potential, permitting coherent control of electronic transitions independent of the atomic center-of-mass motion. Here, we review a number of recent experiments that use this approach to investigate precision quantum metrology for optical atomic clocks and coherent control of optical interactions of single atoms and photons within the context of cavity quantum electrodynamics. We also provide a brief survey of promising prospects for future work.
As research in quantum optics has advanced, so too has our ability to precisely tailor the quantum state of a system.Indeed, techniques for quantum state preparation have become sufficiently advanced that an entire subfield has appeared which has been given the name "quantum control".. Parallel to these advances have been other striking developments in quantum optics, in particular, laser cooling and trapping of nentral atoms.In this paper we describe some of the recent advancements in laser cooling, particularly in our laboratories, and point out that laser cooling and trapping is also realizing an important form of quantum control.In laser cooling, instead of exercising control over the internal quantum state of an atom or molecule or a laser field, we are instead controlling a complementary set of degrees of freedom: those of the external coordinates of the atom.
Abstract The past few decades have seen dramatic progress in our ability to manipulate and coherently control matter-waves. Although the duality between particles and waves has been well tested since de Broglie introduced the matter-wave analog of the optical wavelength in 1924, manipulating atoms with a level of coherence that enables one to use these properties for precision measurements has only become possible with our ability to produce atomic samples exhibiting temperatures of only a few millionths of a degree above absolute zero. Since the initial experiments a few decades ago, the field of atom optics has developed in many ways, with both fundamental and applied significance. The exquisite control of matter waves offers the prospect of a new generation of force sensors exhibiting unprecedented sensitivity and accuracy, for applications from navigation and geophysics to tests of general relativity. Thanks to the latest developments in this field, the first commercial products using this quantum technology are now available. In the future, our ability to create large coherent ensembles of atoms will allow us an even more precise control of the matter-wave and the ability to create highly entangled states for non-classical atom interferometry.
Summary form only given. Techniques for cooling and trapping atoms now provide unique capabilities for the manipulation of atoms. In particular, they make possible very low temperatures, extraordinarily high atomic phase space densities, and long perturbation-free observation times. These capabilities enable one to carry out many new measurements on atoms with great precision and/or in entirely new regimes of temperature and density. This tutorial will concentrate primarily on the practical aspects of how to apply current laser cooling and trapping techniques. This will include descriptions of the various techniques and their capabilities, as well as a discussion of tradeoffs between price, complexity, and various performance parameters. Finally, I will briefly discuss how these techniques are applied in a number of specific cases including cold collisions, precision measurements including atomic clocks, atom interferometry, collecting radioactive isotopes, and the creation of Bose-Einstein condensates.