Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

ACTA PHOTONICA SINICA

Algorithm and Simulation Onboard Switching in Low Earth Orbit Quantum Satellite Communication

王志 Wang Zhi, 聂敏 Nie Min

Published Jan 1, 2012• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum satellite communication can meet the requirement of quantum mobile communication among sailing,aviation field with long-distance and extensiveness communications,and onboard switching is one of the key techniques in quantum satellite communication.Based on the onboard switching technique in low earth orbit(LEO) quantum satellite communication,a novel algorithm is proposed that is terminal measure-distance method.By using this algorithm,the distances between terminals and its adjacent cell center are measured,and then the distances data are uploaded to the current satellite system,finnaly the satellite system compares the distances and determines whether to handover or not.Mathematical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has high reliability,is easy to operate,and can smoothly switch between the different satellites.

DOI
10.3788/gzxb20124109.1108

Related papers

Quantum Key Secure Transmission Method for Low Earth Orbit Satellite-to-Ground Communications

Zhiyuan Ye, Yucheng Wang, Yuxiang Lv +1 more

With the rapid advancement of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations, ensuring the security of satellite-to-ground communication has become a critical concern. Traditional cryptographic techniques, while effective against classical attacks, face increasing threats from quantum computing. This paper proposes a quantum key secure transmission method tailored for LEO satellite-ground communication scenarios. The method integrates quantum key distribution (QKD) with dynamic channel estimation and orbital mobility prediction to support secure and low-latency key handshakes between satellites and ground stations. A hybrid encryption strategy is introduced, where QKD-generated keys are used to refresh symmetric session keys in real time, significantly enhancing resistance to eavesdropping and man-in-the-middle attacks. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method ensures stable key distribution under Doppler-shifted and intermittent link conditions, achieving improved secrecy capacity and resilience against quantum-level adversaries. This work provides a viable and scalable quantum-safe communication solution for future secure satellite networks.

International Conference on Cyber Security and Information Engineering (ICCSIE)•Jul 23, 2025•0 citations

Quantum Optimization Algorithm for LEO Satellite Communications based on Cell-Free Massive MIMO

Hayder Al-Hraishawi, Junaid ur Rehman, Symeon Chatzinotas

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations are in the spotlight during this pivotal time of developing high-speed communications not only for provisioning non-terrestrial connectivity but also for establishing in-space backhauling solutions. However, the technological evolution in this direction faces many challenges especially in the framework of coexisting with other communication systems due to the spectrum scarcity and the aggregated interference. Recently, the concept of cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) has been applied to the LEO constellations for ameliorating both energy and spectral efficiencies as well as improving interference mitigation. In this paper, we propose a quantum-based activation strategy for LEO satellites based on user demands using the cell-free massive MIMO communication scheme. Specifically, a binary integer linear optimization problem is formulated and solved using the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA), which provides tangible quantum advantages through swiftly finding the optimal solutions. The performance of the proposed technique is evaluated via simulations and compared to an adaptive power control scheme. It has been shown that approximately 45%, in average, of the LEO satellite nodes can be switched-off during various traffic load instances. Deactivating the redundant nodes would not only enhance the system energy efficiency but also reduce the computational workload at the constellation and minimize the inter-satellite interference.

IEEE International Conference on Communications workshops•May 28, 2023•17 citations

New quantum key distribution study for world covers security communications

Skander Aris, Abderraouf Messai, H. Mokhtari +1 more

The use of LEO satellite systems has become widespread throughout the world, not only from the services standpoint but in large scale communication networks as well, as they make it possible to communicate from any point of the globe. Lately, the communications in the satellite field have been markedly developed thanks to the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites and GEO satellite orbit. This paper deals with the main survey of these networks by a demonstration of satellite constellations constitutions and the different interfering factors, namely the number of satellites in each orbit, modelling the HANDCHECK problems or Handover satellite probably blocking. In order to preserve the information, to make sure that a seamless communication between two satellite zones is ensured the Hand check should continuously be present in satellite networks. Although the achievement of such schemes is routine work in the laboratory, nontrivial problems emerge in long-distance applications. At present, the only suitable system for long-distance quantum communication is photons. The essential work carried out in our research laboratory concerns an approach in software development of the implementation of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) Networks with LEO orbit satellites and a reduction of the telecommunication interruption risks, which indeed will provide a better communication quality.

World Journal of Engineering•Jun 1, 2012•0 citations

A comprehensive design and performance analysis of low Earth orbit satellite quantum communication

J-P Bourgoin, Evan Meyer-Scott, Brendon L. Higgins +9 more

Optical quantum communication utilizing satellite platforms has the potential to extend the reach of quantum key distribution (QKD) from terrestrial limits of ∼200 km to global scales. We have developed a thorough numerical simulation using realistic simulated orbits and incorporating the effects of pointing error, diffraction, atmosphere and telescope design, to obtain estimates of the loss and background noise which a satellite-based system would experience. Combining with quantum optics simulations of sources and detection, we determine the length of secure key for QKD, as well as entanglement visibility and achievable distances for fundamental experiments. We analyse the performance of a low Earth orbit satellite for downlink and uplink scenarios of the quantum optical signals. We argue that the advantages of locating the quantum source on the ground justify a greater scientific interest in an uplink as compared to a downlink. An uplink with a ground transmitter of at least 25 cm diameter and a 30 cm receiver telescope on the satellite could be used to successfully perform QKD multiple times per week with either an entangled photon source or with a weak coherent pulse source, as well as perform long-distance Bell tests and quantum teleportation. Our model helps to resolve important design considerations such as operating wavelength, type and specifications of sources and detectors, telescope designs, specific orbits and ground station locations, in view of anticipated overall system performance.

arXiv:1211.2733•New Journal of Physics•Feb 5, 2013•240 citations

Satellite-based quantum communication terminal employing state-of-the-art technology

Martin Pfennigbauer, Markus Aspelmeyer, Walter R. Leeb +7 more

Feature Issue on Optical Wireless Communications (OWC) We investigate the design and the accommodation of a quantum communication transceiver in an existing classical optical communication terminal on board a satellite. Operation from a low earth orbit (LEO) platform (e.g., the International Space Station) would allow transmission of single photons and pairs of entangled photons to ground stations and hence permit quantum communication applications such as quantum cryptography on a global scale. Integration of a source generating entangled photon pairs and single-photon detection into existing optical terminal designs is feasible. Even more, major subunits of the classical terminals such as those for pointing, acquisition, and tracking as well as those providing the required electronic, thermal, and structural backbone can be adapted so as to meet the quantum communication terminal needs.

Journal of Optical Networking•Jan 1, 2005•62 citations

Towards Quantum Satellite Internetworking: A Software-Defined Networking Perspective

Roberto Picchi, Francesco Chiti, Romano Fantacci +1 more

Recently, quantum computing and communications rapidly developed to interconnect heterogeneous quantum devices. In particular, some researchers have been performed about terrestrial quantum communications over typical optical fiber links. However, this technology is affected by extremely high losses that can be faced only through the deployment of several repeaters, which in turn involve impractical costs for end-to-end (E2E) route management. Quantum Satellite Networks (QSNs) can overcome the limitations of terrestrial optical networks, such as a remarkable signal attenuation over long distances and difficulty of intercontinental communications. The recent studies on quantum satellite communications motivated our research towards a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) quantum satellite backbone for interconnecting quantum on Earth Servers in order to achieve an unprecedented computational capacity. Specifically, our paper proposes a near optimum E2E path evaluation procedure allowing an efficient switching in order to maximize the entanglement generation rate. Indeed, this is one of the main issues that involve the Data Link Layer and the Network Layer of the Quantum Internet (QI) protocol stack, which is in its early standardization phase. In particular, the design of our approach is based on the Software-Defined Networking (SDN) paradigm with the aim of minimizing the number of hops for E2E connection and maximizing network capacity. Therefore, we compare distributed and centralized approaches in order to achieve a trade-off between performance and cost.

IEEE Access•Jan 1, 2020•28 citations
Quantum satellite communication can meet the requirement of quantum mobile communication among sailing,aviation field with long-distance and extensiveness communications,and onboard switching is one of the key techniques in quantum satellite communication.Based on the onboard switching technique in low earth orbit(LEO) quantum satellite communication,a novel algorithm is proposed that is terminal measure-distance method.By using this algorithm,the distances between terminals and its adjacent cell center are measured,and then the distances data are uploaded to the current satellite system,finnaly the satellite system compares the distances and determines whether to handover or not.Mathematical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has high reliability,is easy to operate,and can smoothly switch between the different satellites.
With the rapid advancement of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations, ensuring the security of satellite-to-ground communication has become a critical concern. Traditional cryptographic techniques, while effective against classical attacks, face increasing threats from quantum computing. This paper proposes a quantum key secure transmission method tailored for LEO satellite-ground communication scenarios. The method integrates quantum key distribution (QKD) with dynamic channel estimation and orbital mobility prediction to support secure and low-latency key handshakes between satellites and ground stations. A hybrid encryption strategy is introduced, where QKD-generated keys are used to refresh symmetric session keys in real time, significantly enhancing resistance to eavesdropping and man-in-the-middle attacks. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method ensures stable key distribution under Doppler-shifted and intermittent link conditions, achieving improved secrecy capacity and resilience against quantum-level adversaries. This work provides a viable and scalable quantum-safe communication solution for future secure satellite networks.
Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations are in the spotlight during this pivotal time of developing high-speed communications not only for provisioning non-terrestrial connectivity but also for establishing in-space backhauling solutions. However, the technological evolution in this direction faces many challenges especially in the framework of coexisting with other communication systems due to the spectrum scarcity and the aggregated interference. Recently, the concept of cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) has been applied to the LEO constellations for ameliorating both energy and spectral efficiencies as well as improving interference mitigation. In this paper, we propose a quantum-based activation strategy for LEO satellites based on user demands using the cell-free massive MIMO communication scheme. Specifically, a binary integer linear optimization problem is formulated and solved using the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA), which provides tangible quantum advantages through swiftly finding the optimal solutions. The performance of the proposed technique is evaluated via simulations and compared to an adaptive power control scheme. It has been shown that approximately 45%, in average, of the LEO satellite nodes can be switched-off during various traffic load instances. Deactivating the redundant nodes would not only enhance the system energy efficiency but also reduce the computational workload at the constellation and minimize the inter-satellite interference.
The use of LEO satellite systems has become widespread throughout the world, not only from the services standpoint but in large scale communication networks as well, as they make it possible to communicate from any point of the globe. Lately, the communications in the satellite field have been markedly developed thanks to the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites and GEO satellite orbit. This paper deals with the main survey of these networks by a demonstration of satellite constellations constitutions and the different interfering factors, namely the number of satellites in each orbit, modelling the HANDCHECK problems or Handover satellite probably blocking. In order to preserve the information, to make sure that a seamless communication between two satellite zones is ensured the Hand check should continuously be present in satellite networks. Although the achievement of such schemes is routine work in the laboratory, nontrivial problems emerge in long-distance applications. At present, the only suitable system for long-distance quantum communication is photons. The essential work carried out in our research laboratory concerns an approach in software development of the implementation of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) Networks with LEO orbit satellites and a reduction of the telecommunication interruption risks, which indeed will provide a better communication quality.
Optical quantum communication utilizing satellite platforms has the potential to extend the reach of quantum key distribution (QKD) from terrestrial limits of ∼200 km to global scales. We have developed a thorough numerical simulation using realistic simulated orbits and incorporating the effects of pointing error, diffraction, atmosphere and telescope design, to obtain estimates of the loss and background noise which a satellite-based system would experience. Combining with quantum optics simulations of sources and detection, we determine the length of secure key for QKD, as well as entanglement visibility and achievable distances for fundamental experiments. We analyse the performance of a low Earth orbit satellite for downlink and uplink scenarios of the quantum optical signals. We argue that the advantages of locating the quantum source on the ground justify a greater scientific interest in an uplink as compared to a downlink. An uplink with a ground transmitter of at least 25 cm diameter and a 30 cm receiver telescope on the satellite could be used to successfully perform QKD multiple times per week with either an entangled photon source or with a weak coherent pulse source, as well as perform long-distance Bell tests and quantum teleportation. Our model helps to resolve important design considerations such as operating wavelength, type and specifications of sources and detectors, telescope designs, specific orbits and ground station locations, in view of anticipated overall system performance.
Feature Issue on Optical Wireless Communications (OWC) We investigate the design and the accommodation of a quantum communication transceiver in an existing classical optical communication terminal on board a satellite. Operation from a low earth orbit (LEO) platform (e.g., the International Space Station) would allow transmission of single photons and pairs of entangled photons to ground stations and hence permit quantum communication applications such as quantum cryptography on a global scale. Integration of a source generating entangled photon pairs and single-photon detection into existing optical terminal designs is feasible. Even more, major subunits of the classical terminals such as those for pointing, acquisition, and tracking as well as those providing the required electronic, thermal, and structural backbone can be adapted so as to meet the quantum communication terminal needs.
Recently, quantum computing and communications rapidly developed to interconnect heterogeneous quantum devices. In particular, some researchers have been performed about terrestrial quantum communications over typical optical fiber links. However, this technology is affected by extremely high losses that can be faced only through the deployment of several repeaters, which in turn involve impractical costs for end-to-end (E2E) route management. Quantum Satellite Networks (QSNs) can overcome the limitations of terrestrial optical networks, such as a remarkable signal attenuation over long distances and difficulty of intercontinental communications. The recent studies on quantum satellite communications motivated our research towards a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) quantum satellite backbone for interconnecting quantum on Earth Servers in order to achieve an unprecedented computational capacity. Specifically, our paper proposes a near optimum E2E path evaluation procedure allowing an efficient switching in order to maximize the entanglement generation rate. Indeed, this is one of the main issues that involve the Data Link Layer and the Network Layer of the Quantum Internet (QI) protocol stack, which is in its early standardization phase. In particular, the design of our approach is based on the Software-Defined Networking (SDN) paradigm with the aim of minimizing the number of hops for E2E connection and maximizing network capacity. Therefore, we compare distributed and centralized approaches in order to achieve a trade-off between performance and cost.