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Frontiers in Optics

2-D measurement of the spatial Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox in images of type II spontaneous parametric down conversion

Éric Lantz, Paul‐Antoine Moreau, Joé Mougin-Sisini, F. Devaux

Published Jan 1, 2012• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate EPR entanglement by detecting purely spatial quantum correlations in the near and far-field of spontaneous parametric down conversion generated in a type II BBO crystal. Full field imaging is performed in the photon counting regime with an electron-multiplying CCD (EMCCD) camera. The data are used without any post-selection and we obtain a violation of Heisenberg inequalities with inferred quantities in both transverse dimensions taking into account all the biphoton pairs in both the near and far field, by integration on the entire two dimensional transverse planes. This ensures a rigorous demonstration of the EPR paradox in its original position-momentum form.

DOI
10.1364/fio.2012.fm3c.2

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We demonstrate EPR entanglement by detecting purely spatial quantum correlations in the near and far-field of spontaneous parametric down conversion generated in a type II BBO crystal. Full field imaging is performed in the photon counting regime with an electron-multiplying CCD (EMCCD) camera. The data are used without any post-selection and we obtain a violation of Heisenberg inequalities with inferred quantities in both transverse dimensions taking into account all the biphoton pairs in both the near and far field, by integration on the entire two dimensional transverse planes. This ensures a rigorous demonstration of the EPR paradox in its original position-momentum form.
We demonstrate Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) entanglement by detecting purely spatial quantum correlations in the near and far fields of spontaneous parametric down-conversion generated in a type-2 beta barium borate crystal. Full-field imaging is performed in the photon-counting regime with an electron-multiplying CCD camera. The data are used without any postselection, and we obtain a violation of Heisenberg inequalities with inferred quantities taking into account all the biphoton pairs in both the near and far fields by integration on the entire two-dimensional transverse planes. This ensures a rigorous demonstration of the EPR paradox in its original position-momentum form.
The light produced by parametric down-conversion shows strong spatial entanglement that leads to violations of EPR criteria for separability. Historically, such studies have been performed by scanning a single-element, single-photon detector across a detection plane. Here we show that modern electron-multiplying charge-coupled device cameras can measure correlations in both position and momentum across a multi-pixel field of view. This capability allows us to observe entanglement of around 2,500 spatial states and demonstrate Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen type correlations by more than two orders of magnitude. More generally, our work shows that cameras can lead to important new capabilities in quantum optics and quantum information science. Measuring the entanglement between down-converted photons is central to many quantum optical experiments, and is normally performed by scanning detectors stepwise across a plane. Edgaret al. use a CCD camera to measure the entire entangled light field, finding strong correlations in position and momentum.
Using an electron multiplying CCD camera we observe both image plane (position) and far field (momentum) correlations between photon pairs produced from spontaneous parametric down-conversion when using a 201 x 201 bi-dimensional array of pixels and a flux of around 0.02 photons/pixel. After background subtraction we characterize the strength of signal and idler correlations in both transverse dimensions by applying entanglement and EPR criteria, showing good agreement with the theoretical predictions. The application of such devices in quantum optics could have a wide range, including quantum computation with spatial degrees of freedom of single photons.
Spatially entangled twin photons provide both promising resources for modern quantum information protocols, because of the high dimensionality of transverse entanglement, and a test of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox in its original form of position versus impulsion. Usually, photons in temporal coincidence are selected and their positions recorded, resulting in a priori assumptions on their spatiotemporal behavior. In this Letter, we record, on two separate electron-multiplying charge coupled devices cameras, twin images of the entire flux of spontaneous down-conversion. This ensures a strict equivalence between the subsystems corresponding to the detection of either position (image or near-field plane) or momentum (Fourier or far-field plane). We report the highest degree of paradox ever reported and show that this degree corresponds to the number of independent degrees of freedom, or resolution cells, of the images.