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Physical Review A

Geometric phase accompanying SU(2) coherent states for quantum polarized light

Hiroshi Kuratsuji

Published Sep 3, 2013• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The geometric phase is studied for quantum polarized light described by an SU(2) coherent state. This is revealed by using quantum interference. The SU(2) coherent state is constructed from the quantized Stokes parameters. The quantum interferometry is arranged by the evolution operator implemented by the Hamiltonian inspired from the birefringence of the Faraday and Kerr effect. The geometric phase is given by the coherent state path integral. In particular, by considering a resonant Hamiltonian, the geometric phase is extracted from the total factor that consists of both geometric and dynamical phases. This extraction forms the basis of an experimental way to detect the geometric phase.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.88.033801

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The geometric phase is studied for quantum polarized light described by an SU(2) coherent state. This is revealed by using quantum interference. The SU(2) coherent state is constructed from the quantized Stokes parameters. The quantum interferometry is arranged by the evolution operator implemented by the Hamiltonian inspired from the birefringence of the Faraday and Kerr effect. The geometric phase is given by the coherent state path integral. In particular, by considering a resonant Hamiltonian, the geometric phase is extracted from the total factor that consists of both geometric and dynamical phases. This extraction forms the basis of an experimental way to detect the geometric phase.
We study characteristic aspects of the geometric phase which is associated with the generalized coherent states. This is determined by special orbits in the parameter space defining the coherent state, which is obtained as a solution of the variational equation governed by a simple model Hamiltonian called the ”resonant Hamiltonian”. Three typical coherent states are considered: SU(2), SU(1,1) and Heisenberg-Weyl. A possible experimental detection of the phases is proposed in such a way that the geometric phases can be discriminated from the dynamical phase
Polarization coherent states (PCS) are considered as generalized coherent states of SU(2)pSU(2)_pSU(2)p​ group of the polarization invariance of the light fields. The geometric phases of PCS are introduced in a way, analogous to that used in the classical polarization optics.
We study characteristic aspects of the geometric phase which is associated with the generalized coherent states. This is determined by special orbits in the parameter space defining the coherent state, which is obtained as a solution of the variational equation governed by a simple model Hamiltonian called the "resonant Hamiltonian". Three typical coherent states are considered: SU(2), SU(1,1) and Heisenberg-Weyl. A possible experimental detection of the phases is proposed in such a way that the geometric phases can be discriminated from the dynamical phase.
We develop the formulation of the spin(SU(2)) coherent state path integrals based on arbitrary fiducial vectors. The resultant action in the path integral expression extensively depends on the vector; It differs from the conventional one in that it has a generalized form having some additional terms. We also study, as physical applications, the geometric phases associated with the coherent state path integrals to find that new effects of the terms may appear in experiments. We see that the formalism gives a clear insight into geometric phases.
In our paper we consider the non-classical behaviour of both the Hermitian (observable) Stokes parameters of light and the phase difference of two modes that describe the quantum polarization states of optical field. To characterize the degree of polarization of light we introduce a new quantity taking into account the quantum properties of different quantum states of two orthogonally polarized modes. The problem of determination of the phase difference in two modes of optical field for the quantum polarization states of light is discussed. To describe in general such a quantum field we introduce two pairs of the phase operators: the phase angles for the Stokes parameters of light in a three-dimensional picture of the Poincaré sphere. We also consider a special type of the eight-port polarization interferometer (polarimeter) for simultaneous homodyne detection of both the Stokes parameters of light and the polarization phase operators and their fluctuations as well. Using an anisotropic (spatioperiodic) Kerr-like nonlinear medium associated with the polarization interferometer we could generate and also observe the polarization-squeezed phase states of light. The fluctuations in the phase difference between two orthogonally polarized modes for these non-classical states are less than the fluctuations for light in coherent state.