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The Rochester Conferences on Coherence and Quantum Optics and the Quantum Information and Measurement meeting

Quantum Tools for Classical Coherence

Ayman F. Abouraddy

Published Jan 1, 2013• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The statistical description of optical fields in coherence theory is based on underlying fluctuations originating at the source or during propagation through a random medium. We show that uncertainty (partial coherence) also stems from the act of ignoring a degree of freedom of a beam when observing another degree of freedom classically entangled with it. Specifically, we demonstrate that Bells measure, commonly used in tests of quantum non-locality, is as a quantitative tool that delineates intrinsic incoherence associated with statistical fluctuations from classical entanglement-based incoherence. This demonstrates, more generally, the applicability of concepts from quantum information processing to classical optical coherence theory and optical signal processing.

DOI
10.1364/cqo.2013.m5a.3

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The statistical description of optical fields in coherence theory is based on underlying fluctuations originating at the source or during propagation through a random medium. We show that uncertainty (partial coherence) also stems from the act of ignoring a degree of freedom of a beam when observing another degree of freedom classically entangled with it. Specifically, we demonstrate that Bells measure, commonly used in tests of quantum non-locality, is as a quantitative tool that delineates intrinsic incoherence associated with statistical fluctuations from classical entanglement-based incoherence. This demonstrates, more generally, the applicability of concepts from quantum information processing to classical optical coherence theory and optical signal processing.
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Statistical and quantum optics provides a clear, up-to-date and comprehensive introduction to the recent field of modern optics dealing with coherence and fluctuations of light. The first two chapters discuss the statistical frame work needed for later part of the book followed by systematic account of coherence theory with a detailed discussed on photon statistics. Description of quantum theory of coherence is preceded by a introductory chapter on field quantization. A detailed description of non-classical light highlighted by phenomena of anti-bunching, Sub-Poissonian statistics, production and detection of squeezed light and coherent state follows. Next is the discussion on E-P-R paradox on reality, locality and completeness of quantum mechanics bringing out clearly the importance of Bell's inequalities. The concluding two chapters put forward forcefully the new fundamental concepts based on quantum superposition and entanglement leading to two photon interference, quantum cryptography and teleportation.
Over the past century the concept of optical coherence has evolved with the development of quantumoptics, alongside quantum mechanics. The use of lasers in microlithographic patterning is makingaccurate modeling and computation of projection systems using partial coherence increasingly im-portant in the modern semiconductor industry. This report aims to compile and compare theories ofpartial coherence, from mutual coherence functions to the density operator approach and the Lind-blad master equation. In classical optics, coherence is a measure of the correlation of intensities, andpartial coherence is viewed as a statistical degree of field correlation. Quantum optical coherence isdescribed in terms of photon statistics, with partial coherence originating from for example thermalfluctuations in the optical field or environmental decoherence. Mathematically the models are simi-lar, with the main difference being whether the field is described at a macroscopic or quantum scale.