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Acta Physica Sinica

Velocity distribution measurement of atomic beams by means of atomic beam deflection under resonant light pressure

Yu-Shu Wang, Yudan Cheng, Zhou Shan-Yu, Weigang Huang, Liang Liu

Published Apr 1, 1986• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The measurement is reported of the velocity distribution in an atomic beam by means of atomic beam deflection under resonant light pressure. Both theoretical analysis and experimental results are given.

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A method is proposed for generating a near-monoenergetic atomic beam by deflection resulting from the pressure of light of a resonance frequency. A system in which a beam of atoms passes through N periodically distributed regions of interaction with laser radiation is considered: the system ensures a high selectivity in respect of the atomic velocities. The following applications of deflection of monoenergetic atoms are considered: analysis of the velocity distribution in an atomic beam, determination of the lifetime of excited atomic states, and testing of the theory of photon statistics.
The free fall of atoms is observed in long molecular beams of potassium and cesium atoms. The measurement of the intensity distribution in a beam deflected by gravity represents the velocity distribution of the beam atoms and permits an accurate determination of this distribution. The results show that the measured values agree in general with those calculated for a modified Maxwellian velocity distribution in the beam. At larger deflections, i.e., for slow atoms, a deficiency of intensity was observed, which increased both with increasing deflection and with increasing pressure in the oven where the beam originates. This deficiency is explained by collisions in the immediate vicinity of the oven slit.
We have performed experimental and theoretical studies of the deflection of a sodium atomic beam by a laser tuned to the 3 2{\mathrm{}}^{2}2S1/2{S}_{1/2}S1/2​,F=2--3 2{\mathrm{}}^{2}2P3/2{P}_{3/2}P3/2​,F=3 transition. The intensity profile of the deflected beam was measured at different laser power levels and for different laser polarizations. Calculations using a constant force derived from a two-level atom yield deflections which are too large. The results of more realistic simulation calculations agree very well with the measured deflection. Those calculations incorporate the atomic-beam spatial and velocity distributions as well as the laser frequency distribution and polarization state. Optical pumping, loss of atoms to the nonresonant F=1 ground state, and Doppler shifting of the atoms out of resonance are all considered, as also are the statistics and angular distributions of the spontaneous photons.