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International Conference on Quantum Information

Quantum Computation and Quantum Communication with Entangled Photons

Anton Zeilinger

Published Jan 1, 2007• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Entanglement is a fundamental resource both in long-distance quantum communication and in quantum computation. Because of its obvious indispensability in quantum teleportation, entanglement is crucial for quantum repeaters. Recently [1], we were able to synchronize two completely independent sources of entangled photons such that entanglement swapping became possible with independent lasers with high fidelity. In a future experiment, such lasers can be separated by kilometer distances.

DOI
10.1364/icqi.2007.jwa1

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Entanglement is a fundamental resource both in long-distance quantum communication and in quantum computation. Because of its obvious indispensability in quantum teleportation, entanglement is crucial for quantum repeaters. Recently [1], we were able to synchronize two completely independent sources of entangled photons such that entanglement swapping became possible with independent lasers with high fidelity. In a future experiment, such lasers can be separated by kilometer distances.
Summary form only given. Entanglement is the resource that makes quantum communication and quantum computation work. The most basic quantum communication protocols are quantum cryptography, quantum teleportation and entanglement swapping. In quantum teleportation one of two parties wants to send the other one a quantum state using some independent carrier. Entanglement swapping in its simplest form is the use of quantum teleportation to transmit a quantum state that is already entangled with some other state. Thereby the entanglement that existed between the original particle and its partner is transferred to the output particle. Both teleportation and entanglement swapping have successfully been demonstrated. However, in none of the experiments the quality of teleportation was high enough to produce output correlations that could have violated a Bell-type inequality. In this work we will show that qubit teleportation using polarization-entangled photon pairs can produce the desired correlations.
We discuss a long-distance quantum communication system based on entangled photon pairs, which apply entanglement as its fundamental resource. For distances longer than the coherence length of a counterpart noisy quantum channel, the fidelity of transmission is ordinarily so low that standard purification processes are not applicable. The quantum repeater stretches the length of the entangled photon pairs. And the high fidelity entanglement of photons between sender and receiver is obtained by entanglement purification and entanglement swapping. We compare the nested repeater with the common repeater and show that it outperforms the latter, which is built an EPR pair in less time.
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Quantum communication which is our ability to transmission quantum information between remote locations is a primitive operation necessary for a future quantum internet. Quantum communication at its heart relies on establishing entangled links between remote locations which can then be used to teleport quantum data. Typically channel losses limit the distance that photons can be sent without some form of quantum repeater networks which segments the channel into smaller pieces. Entanglement distribution, purification and swapping operations then allows one to create high fidelity entangled pairs between the desired remote locations. Several generations of quantum repeaters have been proposed with dramatically increasing performance but the ultimate network performance is limited by channel losses which are typically fundamental in nature. Here we introduce the concept of quantum multiplexing, which allows us to both minimize the number of photons needed in the entanglement distribution processing but also enhance the quality of the entangled pairs generated. In this presentation we discuss the potential performance gains our quantum multiplexing approach gives.
Atoms and photons are well-suited candidates for quantum information processing and quantum communication. While atoms can be used for storage and manipulation, photons are ideal carriers for the transfer of quantum information. Our group pursues the goal of creating a basic node of a quantum communication network by entangling two independently trapped87Rb atoms over a large distance. Besides its prospects in quantum communication (e.g. quantum repeater), this would also allow a loophole-free test of Bell's inequality which can help to conclusively answer the long-standing question about the completeness of the quantum theory. The key ingredient is atom-photon entanglement which will enable us to entangle two atoms by entanglement swapping. We plan to achieve a distance of 300m between two independent single atom traps.
One of the most crucial procedures in quantum information is quantum teleportation. Quantum teleportation, which makes use of the physical resource of entanglement, is a fundamental primitive in many quantum information tasks and is a crucial component of quantum technologies. It is essential to the ongoing development of quantum networks, quantum computing, and quantum communication. Here, the practical applications of Bell states, algebra of entanglement, and quantum dense coding are highlighted. The fundamentals of quantum entanglement are described, along with its characteristics and the Einstein-Poldolsky-Rosen dilemma. By separating its distinctive properties, this paper demonstrated that teleportation will be used practically for quantum key distribution in the very near future. It also revealed the fundamental theoretical concepts behind quantum teleportation.