Physical Review A

Rb atoms in a blue-detuned dipole trap: Coherence and ground-state differential ac Stark shift

D. Sheng, J. Zhang, Luis A. Orozco

Published Jun 14, 2013• 5 citations

Abstract

Blue-detuned dipole traps and their ability to preserve atomic coherences are interesting for precision measurement applications. In this paper, we present experimental studies on the differential ac Stark shift of the ground-state hyperfine splitting in ${}^{87}$Rb atoms confined in a dynamic blue-detuned dipole trap. We systematically study the power and detuning effects on the Rabi resonance frequency (differential ac Stark shift) and its linewidth (coherence) and find that their performance is compatible with future parity violation experiments in Fr.

DOI: 10.1103/physreva.87.063412

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Physical Review A

Rb atoms in a blue-detuned dipole trap: Coherence and ground-state differential ac Stark shift

D. Sheng, J. Zhang, Luis A. Orozco

Published Jun 14, 2013• 5 citations

Publisher

Abstract

{}^{87}

Rb atoms confined in a dynamic blue-detuned dipole trap. We systematically study the power and detuning effects on the Rabi resonance frequency (differential ac Stark shift) and its linewidth (coherence) and find that their performance is compatible with future parity violation experiments in Fr.

DOI: 10.1103/physreva.87.063412

Related papers

Sensitivity test of a blue-detuned dipole trap designed for parity non-conservation measurements in Fr

D. Sheng, J. Zhang, Luis A. Orozco

A dynamic blue-detuned optical dipole trap with stable (87)Rb atoms produces a differential ac Stark shift of 18 Hz in the ground state hyperfine transition, and it preserves the ground state hyperfine superpositions for a long coherence time of 180 ms. The trapped atoms undergoing microwave Rabi oscillations are sensitive to a small signal, artificially generated with a second microwave source, phase locked to the first allowing a simple and effective method for determining signal-to-noise ratio limits through interference techniques. This provides an excellent means of calibrating sensitivity in experiments such as our ongoing Fr parity non-conservation measurement.A dynamic blue-detuned optical dipole trap with stable (87)Rb atoms produces a differential ac Stark shift of 18 Hz in the ground state hyperfine transition, and it preserves the ground state hyperfine superpositions for a long coherence time of 180 ms. The trapped atoms undergoing microwave Rabi oscillations are sensitive to a small signal, artificially generated with a second microwave source, phase locked to the first allowing a simple and effective method for determining signal-to-noise ratio limits through interference techniques. This provides an excellent means of calibrating sensitivity in experiments such as our ongoing Fr parity non-conservation measurement.

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Magic Polarization for Optical Trapping of Atoms without Stark-Induced Dephasing

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We demonstrate that the differential ac-Stark shift of a Zeeman-sensitive ground hyperfine transition in an optical trap can be eliminated by using properly polarized trapping light. We use the vector polarizability of an alkali-metal atom to produce a polarization-dependent ac-Stark shift that resembles a Zeeman shift. We study a transition from the $|2{S}_{1/2},F=2,{m}_{F}=\ensuremath{-}2⟩$ to the $|2{S}_{1/2},F=1,{m}_{F}=\ensuremath{-}1⟩$ state of $^{7}\mathrm{Li}$ to observe $0.59\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{Hz}$ linewidth with interrogation time of 2 s and $0.82\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.06\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{s}$ coherence time of a superposition state. Implications of the narrow linewidth and the long coherence time for precision spectroscopy and quantum information processing using atoms in an optical lattice are discussed.We demonstrate that the differential ac-Stark shift of a Zeeman-sensitive ground hyperfine transition in an optical trap can be eliminated by using properly polarized trapping light. We use the vector polarizability of an alkali-metal atom to produce a polarization-dependent ac-Stark shift that resembles a Zeeman shift. We study a transition from the $|2{S}_{1/2},F=2,{m}_{F}=\ensuremath{-}2⟩$ to the $|2{S}_{1/2},F=1,{m}_{F}=\ensuremath{-}1⟩$ state of $^{7}\mathrm{Li}$ to observe $0.59\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{Hz}$ linewidth with interrogation time of 2 s and $0.82\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.06\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{s}$ coherence time of a superposition state. Implications of the narrow linewidth and the long coherence time for precision spectroscopy and quantum information processing using atoms in an optical lattice are discussed.

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Using a single trapped barium ion we have developed an rf spectroscopy technique to measure the ratio of the off-resonant vector ac Stark effect (or light shift) in the $6{S}_{1/2}$ and $5{D}_{5/2}$ states to 0.1% precision. We find $R={\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{S}/{\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{D}=\ensuremath{-}11.494(13)$ at 514.531 nm where ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{S,D}$ are the light shifts of the $m=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1/2$ splittings due to circularly polarized light. Comparison of this result with an ab initio calculation of $R$ would yield a new test of atomic theory and improve the understanding of atomic structure needed to interpret a proposed atomic parity violation experiment. By appropriately choosing an off-resonant light shift wavelength one can emphasize the contribution of one or a few dipole matrix elements and precisely determine their values.Using a single trapped barium ion we have developed an rf spectroscopy technique to measure the ratio of the off-resonant vector ac Stark effect (or light shift) in the $6{S}_{1/2}$ and $5{D}_{5/2}$ states to 0.1% precision. We find $R={\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{S}/{\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{D}=\ensuremath{-}11.494(13)$ at 514.531 nm where ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{S,D}$ are the light shifts of the $m=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1/2$ splittings due to circularly polarized light. Comparison of this result with an ab initio calculation of $R$ would yield a new test of atomic theory and improve the understanding of atomic structure needed to interpret a proposed atomic parity violation experiment. By appropriately choosing an off-resonant light shift wavelength one can emphasize the contribution of one or a few dipole matrix elements and precisely determine their values.

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Nir Davidson, Heun Jin Lee, Charles S. Adams +2 more

Sodium atoms have been stored in a blue-detuned dipole trap based on sheets of argon ion laser light which support against gravity. In this trap, the atoms spend most of their time in free fall, resulting in a large reduction in the perturbation of the atomic levels due to the trapping potential. This reduction enabled us to probe the ground state hyperfine splitting with a measurement time of 4 s, yielding a linewidth of 0.125 Hz and a Ramsey fringe contrast of 43%. The coherence time was $\ensuremath{\sim}$300 times longer than achieved in a red-detuned Nd:YAG laser dipole trap with comparable depth.Sodium atoms have been stored in a blue-detuned dipole trap based on sheets of argon ion laser light which support against gravity. In this trap, the atoms spend most of their time in free fall, resulting in a large reduction in the perturbation of the atomic levels due to the trapping potential. This reduction enabled us to probe the ground state hyperfine splitting with a measurement time of 4 s, yielding a linewidth of 0.125 Hz and a Ramsey fringe contrast of 43%. The coherence time was $\ensuremath{\sim}$300 times longer than achieved in a red-detuned Nd:YAG laser dipole trap with comparable depth.

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We report on an experimental and theoretical study of the dynamic (ac) Stark effect on a forbidden transition. A general framework for parametrizing and describing off-resonant ac-Stark shifts is presented. A model is developed to calculate spectral line shapes resulting from resonant excitation of atoms in an intense standing light wave in the presence of off-resonant ac-Stark shifts. The model is used in the analysis and interpretation of a measurement of the ac-Stark shifts of the static-electric-field-induced $6{s}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{1}S_{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5d6s^{3}D_{1}$ transition at $408\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ in atomic Yb. The results are in agreement with estimates of the ac-Stark shift of the transition under the assumption that the shift is dominated by that of the $6{s}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{1}S_{0}$ ground state. A detailed description of the experiment and analysis is presented. A biproduct of this work is an independent determination (from the saturation behavior of the 408-nm transition) of the Stark transition polarizability, which is found to be in agreement with our earlier measurement. This work is part of the ongoing effort aimed at a precision measurement of atomic parity-violation effects in Yb.We report on an experimental and theoretical study of the dynamic (ac) Stark effect on a forbidden transition. A general framework for parametrizing and describing off-resonant ac-Stark shifts is presented. A model is developed to calculate spectral line shapes resulting from resonant excitation of atoms in an intense standing light wave in the presence of off-resonant ac-Stark shifts. The model is used in the analysis and interpretation of a measurement of the ac-Stark shifts of the static-electric-field-induced $6{s}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{1}S_{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5d6s^{3}D_{1}$ transition at $408\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ in atomic Yb. The results are in agreement with estimates of the ac-Stark shift of the transition under the assumption that the shift is dominated by that of the $6{s}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{1}S_{0}$ ground state. A detailed description of the experiment and analysis is presented. A biproduct of this work is an independent determination (from the saturation behavior of the 408-nm transition) of the Stark transition polarizability, which is found to be in agreement with our earlier measurement. This work is part of the ongoing effort aimed at a precision measurement of atomic parity-violation effects in Yb.

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Precision test of the ac Stark shift in a rubidium atomic vapor

Filippo Levi, James C. Camparo, B. Francois +3 more

The ac Stark shift (also known as the ``light shift'') is one of the most important physical processes that arises in precision spectroscopy, affecting the basic understanding of field-matter interactions, measurements of fundamental constants, and even the atomic clocks onboard GPS satellites. Although the theory of the ac Stark shift was fully developed by the 1960s and 1970s, precision tests of theory have, for the most part, been few. Taking advantage of recent developments in atomic clock technology, specifically the pulsed approach to atomic signal generation, which allows frequency measurements with a resolution of $\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}15}$, we demonstrate a methodology for measuring the ac Stark shift. Here, we report results from a precision examination of the ac Stark shift in a vapor phase system, examining the resonant frequency of the $^{87}\text{Rb}$ 0-0 hyperfine transition for a perturbing laser tuned over a broad optical frequency range (18 GHz) around the ${D}_{1}$ absorption resonance. Over the full frequency range the agreement between semiclassical theory and experiment is very good (better than $5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$), and in our experiments we test both the frequency dependence of the scalar and tensor components of the light shift.The ac Stark shift (also known as the ``light shift'') is one of the most important physical processes that arises in precision spectroscopy, affecting the basic understanding of field-matter interactions, measurements of fundamental constants, and even the atomic clocks onboard GPS satellites. Although the theory of the ac Stark shift was fully developed by the 1960s and 1970s, precision tests of theory have, for the most part, been few. Taking advantage of recent developments in atomic clock technology, specifically the pulsed approach to atomic signal generation, which allows frequency measurements with a resolution of $\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}15}$, we demonstrate a methodology for measuring the ac Stark shift. Here, we report results from a precision examination of the ac Stark shift in a vapor phase system, examining the resonant frequency of the $^{87}\text{Rb}$ 0-0 hyperfine transition for a perturbing laser tuned over a broad optical frequency range (18 GHz) around the ${D}_{1}$ absorption resonance. Over the full frequency range the agreement between semiclassical theory and experiment is very good (better than $5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$), and in our experiments we test both the frequency dependence of the scalar and tensor components of the light shift.

Physical Review AFeb 29, 201625 citations

{}^{87}

^{7}\mathrm{Li}

to observe $0.59\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{Hz}$ linewidth with interrogation time of 2 s and $0.82\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.06\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{s}$ coherence time of a superposition state. Implications of the narrow linewidth and the long coherence time for precision spectroscopy and quantum information processing using atoms in an optical lattice are discussed.

Using a single trapped barium ion we have developed an rf spectroscopy technique to measure the ratio of the off-resonant vector ac Stark effect (or light shift) in the

6{S}_{1/2}

and

5{D}_{5/2}

states to 0.1% precision. We find $R={\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{S}/{\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{D}=\ensuremath{-}11.494(13)$ at 514.531 nm where ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{S,D}$ are the light shifts of the $m=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1/2$ splittings due to circularly polarized light. Comparison of this result with an ab initio calculation of

R

would yield a new test of atomic theory and improve the understanding of atomic structure needed to interpret a proposed atomic parity violation experiment. By appropriately choosing an off-resonant light shift wavelength one can emphasize the contribution of one or a few dipole matrix elements and precisely determine their values.

408\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}

in atomic Yb. The results are in agreement with estimates of the ac-Stark shift of the transition under the assumption that the shift is dominated by that of the

6{s}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{1}S_{0}

ground state. A detailed description of the experiment and analysis is presented. A biproduct of this work is an independent determination (from the saturation behavior of the 408-nm transition) of the Stark transition polarizability, which is found to be in agreement with our earlier measurement. This work is part of the ongoing effort aimed at a precision measurement of atomic parity-violation effects in Yb.

^{87}\text{Rb}

0-0 hyperfine transition for a perturbing laser tuned over a broad optical frequency range (18 GHz) around the

{D}_{1}

absorption resonance. Over the full frequency range the agreement between semiclassical theory and experiment is very good (better than $5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$), and in our experiments we test both the frequency dependence of the scalar and tensor components of the light shift.