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Physical Review A

Time-domain resonances and the ultimate fate of a decaying quantum state

Gastón García‐Calderón, I. K. A. ROMERO MALDONADO, Jorge Villavicencio

Published Nov 14, 2013• 12 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We derive an analytical expression for the propagation of a quantum particle at asymptotic long distances and times from the potential where the particle was initially confined. We obtain that the particle is described by an evolving resonance in time domain that possesses a peaked shape characterized by the resonance parameters of the dominant resonance coefficient of the decaying wave function. The above situation corresponds to an unexplored postexponential regime that represents the ultimate fate of a decaying particle.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.88.052114

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We derive an analytical expression for the propagation of a quantum particle at asymptotic long distances and times from the potential where the particle was initially confined. We obtain that the particle is described by an evolving resonance in time domain that possesses a peaked shape characterized by the resonance parameters of the dominant resonance coefficient of the decaying wave function. The above situation corresponds to an unexplored postexponential regime that represents the ultimate fate of a decaying particle.
Abstract By using an exact analytical formalism for quantum tunneling decay we show the existence of a regime of purely nonexponential decay for the survival probability in the full time interval and a propagating probability density along the external interaction region that evolves as a spreading process having no wavefront. This decaying regime follows from a complex pole of the propagator which in the wave number plane possesses an imaginary part larger than the corresponding real part, which implies a negative resonance energy and a decaying width, together with a dominant large overlap of the initial decaying state with the corresponding resonant state of the problem.
An analytical solution for the time evolution of decay of two identical noninteracting quantum particles seated initially within a potential of finite range is derived using the formalism of resonant states. It is shown that the wave function, and hence also the survival and nonescape probabilities, for factorized symmetric and entangled symmetric or antisymmetric initial states evolve in a distinctive form along the exponentially decaying and nonexponential regimes. Our findings show the influence of the Pauli exclusion principle on decay. We exemplify our results by solving exactly the sss-wave $\ensuremath{\delta}$ shell potential model.
An analytical solution to the time evolution of decay of one and two identical noninteracting particles is presented using the formalism of resonant states. It is shown that the time-dependent wave function and hence the survival and nonescape probabilities for the initial state of a single particle and entangled symmetric and antisymmetric initial states of two identical particles evolve in a distinctive form along the exponential and long-time nonexponential decaying regimes. In particular, for the last regime, they exhibit different inverse power of time behaviors.
The time behavior of a wave packet, transmitted through a potential barrier, is investigated for all times assuming it to be initially located outside the asymmetric barrier. The survival probability of the initial state, which characterizes the decay of the unstable quantum system in three time domains, is discussed. The presence of initial, exponential, and long-time regimes is a general feature of the decay process. We analytically found the three crucial points of time that separate these regimes. These characteristic times are set by simple formulae, including momentum distribution. It is then shown that the radius of convergence of the cumulant expansion for the survival probability is always small. A long-time behavior of survival probability is described by the asymptotic series whose coefficients decrease with increasing particle energy but at different rates. To be specific, we have examined the exactly solvable model of tunneling through a finite range triangular barrier.