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Science

A sound proposition for quantum communication

Ian S. Osborne

Published Oct 9, 2014• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum Processing Quantum computers exploit the quantum-mechanical properties of materials to store and manipulate information stored in the quantum states of atoms or artificial atoms. Although there are a number of quantum platforms under investigation already, Gustafsson et al. present another, based on the propagation of sound waves on the surface of a crystal (see the Perspective by Ruskov and Tahan). The ability to tune the system and the slow propagation speeds of the acoustic waves offer new opportunities to control and process quantum information. Science , this issue p. [207][1]; see also p. [165][2] [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1257219 [2]: /lookup/volpage/346/165?iss=6206

DOI
10.1126/science.346.6206.204-b

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Quantum Processing
Quantum computers exploit the quantum-mechanical properties of materials to store and manipulate information stored in the quantum states of atoms or artificial atoms. Although there are a number of quantum platforms under investigation already, Gustafsson et al. present another, based on the propagation of sound waves on the surface of a crystal (see the Perspective by Ruskov and Tahan). The ability to tune the system and the slow propagation speeds of the acoustic waves offer new opportunities to control and process quantum information.
Science , this issue p. 207; see also p. 165
At the most microscopic level, all physical systems are governed by the laws of quantum mechanics. Quantum information processing is the study of how information is gathered, transformed, and transmitted at the quantum level—in atoms, ions, photons, elementary particles, and microscopic solid-state systems, which obey fundamentally quantum mechanical laws. Quantum computers, quantum communication channels, and quantum sensors are devices that can attain the ultimate limits of information processing. The laws of quantum mechanics give rise to counterintuitive effects. Quantum information processors use “quantum weirdness” to perform tasks that classical information processors cannot. Quantum computers are conceived to process information stored on atomic, optical, and solid-state systems: they aim to use counterintuitive effects including quantum superposition and entanglement to perform tasks such as quantum simulation, quantum search, and factoring/code-breaking to solve problems that are hard or impossible on conventional classical computers. Quantum communication systems transmit information encoded in individual photons: they exploit the fact that quantum measurement is inevitably stochastic and destructive to enact quantum-encrypted communication whose security is guaranteed by the laws of physics. Quantum sensors and measurement devices operate at the greatest possible sensitivity and precision allowed by physical law: from magnetometers to quantum clocks to advanced gravitational interferometers (e.g., LIGO), quantum metrology supplies the techniques required to push measurement to its ultimate limits.
Quantum Optics Superradiance is a quantum phenomenon that occurs when emitters are sufficiently close to change spontaneous emission. Controlling the position and state of emitters within an atomic ensemble, however, is technically challenging. Kim et al. show that spatial correlations can be replaced by temporal correlations to achieve superradiance (see the Perspective by Meschede). They dropped prepared atoms into a high-quality optical cavity and found that the number of photons within the cavity built up superradiantly as the atoms dropped through one by one. The method provides a versatile platform for generating nonclassical states of light. Science , this issue p. [662][1]; see also p. [641][2] [1]: /lookup/volpage/359/662?iss=6376 [2]: /lookup/volpage/359/641?iss=6376
Quantum Physics Quantum information processing platforms typically require qubits to talk to each other. To date, photons (either optical or microwave) have been the carrier of choice to transfer quantum states between the qubits. For some solid-state systems, however, the vibrational properties of the materials themselves, phonons, could be advantageous. Bienfait et al. describe the deterministic emission and capture of itinerant phonons through an acoustic communication channel, enabling the phonon-based coherent transfer of quantum states from one superconducting qubit to another and the quantum entanglement of the two qubits over the acoustic channel. The results provide a route to couple hybrid quantum solid-state systems using surface acoustic waves. Science , this issue p. [368][1] [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aaw8415
Quantum Information![Figure][1] Artist's view of a diamond defect PHOTO: WOLFGANG PFAFF Quantum information processing relies on the ability to store, manipulate, and propagate information encoded in quantum states of matter. Doing so, however, may destroy or compromise these delicate quantum states. Pfaff et al. present a quantum teleportation protocol that uses two defects in diamond 3 m apart (see the Perspective by Atature and Morton). They then map the quantum state of one of the diamond defects onto the other. The work presents a key building block for the successful development of larger quantum networks. Science , this issue p. [532][2]; see also p. [510][3] [1]: pending:yes [2]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1253512 [3]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1256698