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International Conference on Quantum Information

Quantum Optical Control and Measurement in Optomechanics

Gerard J Milburn, Adil A. Gangat

Published Jan 1, 2011• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present schemes that create entanglement between photons and phonons in an optomechanical system. One scheme enables single photon control and novel optomechanical nonlinearities. Another scheme enables quantum-limited readout of phonon jumps.
DOI
10.1364/icqi.2011.qtud2

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We describe how strong resonant interactions in multimode optomechanical systems can be used to induce controlled nonlinear couplings between single photons and phonons. Combined with linear mapping schemes between photons and phonons, these techniques provide a universal building block for various classical and quantum information processing applications. Our approach is especially suited for nano-optomechanical devices, where strong optomechanical interactions on a single photon level are within experimental reach.
We propose a new method for optomechanical quantum non-demolition detection of phonon number, based on a 'shelving' style measurement. The scheme uses a two-mode optomechanical system where the frequency splitting of the two photonic modes is near-resonant with the mechanical frequency. The combination of a strong optical drive and the underlying nonlinear optomechanical interaction gives rise to spin-like dynamics which facilitate the measurement. This approach allows phonon number measurement to be accomplished parametrically faster than in other schemes which are restricted to weak driving.
In this thesis, I studied two different approaches which are promising for creating macroscopic quantum superpositions. The first approach, which is the main focus of this thesis, is based on optomechanical systems. The basic challenge to realize quantum effects in optomechanical systems, is considered to be the weak optomechanical coupling rate compared to the decoherence rates of the system caused by the cavity and mechanical damping. To enhance the optomechanical coupling it has been suggested to pump the cavity with coherent laser light \cite{Vitali07}. By this method the strong coupling regime in which the optomechanical coupling rate exceeds all decoherence rates has been demonstrated very recently \cite{Verhagen12,Groblacher09}. It is also known that the optomechanical systems may exhibit nonlinear behaviours such as bistability. After introducing the basic ideas of optomechanical systems in chapter 1, in chapter 2 we studied the connection between optomechanical entanglement and bistability. In chapter 3, we studied the drawback of using a laser to enhance the interaction. We studied the effect of the laser phase noise, as an additional decoherence channel, on the optomechanical entanglement. We have shown that the system is very sensitive to this new source of decoherence and the sensitivity is maximum in the bistable threshold. We discussed that our results are independent of how we model the laser phase noise. In chapter 4, we studied single photon optomechanics. In this regime, we proposed a new scheme to enhance the optomechanical coupling based on post selection. Our scheme is potentially promising to create a superposition of the massive oscillator in different motional states. We also discussed the potential application of our scheme to test some decoherence models. The second approach that we consider in this thesis is based on amplifying single photons with high gain to create micro-macro superpositions . In chapter 5, we discussed the De Martini scheme. We then present our scheme for creating optical micro-macro superposition and discussed its experimental realization under realistic conditions when losses are taken into account.