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Physical Review B

Dynamical structure functions from quantum Monte Carlo calculations of a proper integral transform

Alessandro Roggero, Francesco Pederiva, Giuseppina Orlandini

Published Sep 13, 2013• 21 citations
Publisher

Abstract

An ab initio method for determining the dynamical structure function of an interacting many-body quantum system has been devised by combining a generalized integral transform method with quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) methods. A kernel has been found that (i) lets the transform be calculable with QMC methods and (ii) is a representation of the $\ensuremath{\delta}$ function, allowing an inversion of the transform with a much higher predictive power than the inverse Laplace transform. As a first application, the excitation spectrum of bulk atomic ${}^{4}$He has been computed, both in the low and intermediate momentum ranges. The peculiar form of the kernel allows us to predict, without using any model, both positions and widths of the collective excitations in the maxon-roton region, as well as the existence of the second collective peak. A prediction of the dispersion of the single-particle modes described by the incoherent part is also presented.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.88.094302

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An ab initio method for determining the dynamical structure function of an interacting many-body quantum system has been devised by combining a generalized integral transform method with quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) methods. A kernel has been found that (i) lets the transform be calculable with QMC methods and (ii) is a representation of the \ensuremathδ\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremathδ function, allowing an inversion of the transform with a much higher predictive power than the inverse Laplace transform. As a first application, the excitation spectrum of bulk atomic 4{}^{4}4He has been computed, both in the low and intermediate momentum ranges. The peculiar form of the kernel allows us to predict, without using any model, both positions and widths of the collective excitations in the maxon-roton region, as well as the existence of the second collective peak. A prediction of the dispersion of the single-particle modes described by the incoherent part is also presented.
An ab-initio method for determining the dynamical structure function of an interacting many--body quantum system has been devised by combining a generalized integral transform method with Quantum Monte Carlo methods. As a first application, the coherent and, separately, the incoherent excitation spectrum of bulk atomic 4He has been computed, both in the low and intermediate momentum range. The peculiar form of the kernel in the integral transform of the dynamical structure function allows to predict, without using any model, both position and width of the collective excitations in the maxon--roton region, as well as the second collective peak. A prediction of the dispersion of the single--particle modes described by the incoherent part is also presented.
We review an ab-initio method for calculating the dynamical structure function of an interacting many-body quantum system. The method consists in coupling a generalized integral transform approach with imaginary time Quantum Monte Carlo calculations. The strength of the method has been tested on the excitation spectrum of bulk atomic 4 He. The peculiar form of the kernel as a representation of the delta-function has allowed to minimize the ill-posedness of the integral transform inversion. In fact it has been possible to obtain, at a considerable degree of reliability, both position and width of the collective excitations in the maxon-roton region, as well as the second collective peak. What we stress here is the ability of such a 4-function-like kernel, for which one can control position and width, to maintain in the transformed space the characteristics of the collective structures. The application to the coherent and incoherent density excitation spectrum of liquid 4 He is discussed.
We present a method based on the path integral Monte Carlo formalism for the calculation of ground-state time correlation functions in quantum systems. The key point of the method is the consideration of time as a complex variable whose phase δ acts as an adjustable parameter. By using high-order approximations for the quantum propagator, it is possible to obtain Monte Carlo data all the way from purely imaginary time to δ values near the limit of real time. As a consequence, it is possible to infer accurately the spectral functions using simple inversion algorithms. We test this approach in the calculation of the dynamic structure function S(q, ω) of two one-dimensional model systems, harmonic and quartic oscillators, for which S(q, ω) can be exactly calculated. We notice a clear improvement in the calculation of the dynamic response with respect to the common approach based on the inverse Laplace transform of the imaginary-time correlation function.
The shell model provides a powerful framework for nuclear structure calculations. The nucleons beyond an inert magic core are confined in a valence shell and interact through an effective two-body potential generally determined from the G-matrix method. However, the applicability of the shell model remains limited by the exponential growth of the many-body space with the number of valence nucleons and with the size of the one-body space. The quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) methods may thus be considered as a potentially attractive alternative to the direct diagonalization of the Hamiltonian matrix. The many-body problem is indeed reduced to a set of stochastic one-body problems describing independent particles in a fluctuating external field. Up to date, the QMC approaches of the shell model lead to the ground-state and the thermodynamic properties, but a detailed spectroscopy of nuclei is not reachable. Furthermore, they suffer from a common pathology of fermionic QMC methods, namely the sign/phase problem, which strongly contaminates the convergence of the calculation. In this context, we will present a new QMC method, providing the "yrast spectroscopy" of nuclei, and in which the sign/phase problem is managed through the constrained path approximation that is widely used in the ab initio nuclear calculations and in condensed matter physics.
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Electronic structure quantum Monte Carlo Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) is an advanced simulation methodology for studies of manybody quantum systems. The QMC approaches combine analytical insights with stochastic computational techniques for efficient solution of several classes of important many-body problems such as the stationary Schrödinger equation. QMC methods of various flavors have been applied to a great variety of systems spanning continuous and lattice quantum models, molecular and condensed systems, BEC-BCS ultracold condensates, nuclei, etc. In this review, we focus on the electronic structure QMC, i.e., methods relevant for systems described by the electron-ion Hamiltonians. Some of the key QMC achievements include direct treatment of electron correlation, accuracy in predicting energy differences and favorable scaling in the system size. Calculations of atoms, molecules, clusters and solids have demonstrated QMC applicability to real systems with hundreds of electrons while providing 90-95% of the correlation energy and energy differences typically within a few percent of experiments. Advances in accuracy beyond these limits are hampered by the so-called fixed-node approximation which is used to circumvent the notorious fermion sign problem. Many-body nodes of fermion states and their properties have therefore become one of the important topics for further progress in predictive power and efficiency of QMC calculations. Some of our recent results on the wave function nodes and related nodal domain topologies will be briefly reviewed. This includes analysis of few-electron systems and descriptions of exact and approximate nodes using transformations and projections of the highly-dimensional nodal hypersurfaces into the 3D space. Studies of fermion nodes offer new insights into topological properties of eigenstates such as explicit demonstrations that generic fermionic ground states exhibit the minimal number of two nodal domains. Recently proposed trial wave functions based on Pfaffians with pairing orbitals are presented and their nodal properties are tested in calculations of first row atoms and molecules. Finally, backflow "dressed" coordinates are introduced as another possibility for capturing correlation effects and for decreasing the fixed-node bias.