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Physical Review A

Robust Gaussian entanglement with a macroscopic oscillator at thermal equilibrium

Radim Filip, Vojtěch Kupčík

Published Jun 20, 2013• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a feasible Gaussian version of the Schr\"odinger-cat state. We consider it as a robust Gaussian state of an oscillator prepared in a low-energy Gaussian quantum state entangled with another oscillator which was initially in a quantum state at thermal equilibrium with an arbitrary large energy (macroscopic oscillator). To generate it, we suggest two-mode squeezing as the best candidate. We test that the Gaussian version of the Schr\"odinger-cat state can be also used to remotely prepare a squeezed state of the macroscopic oscillator.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.87.062323

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We propose a feasible Gaussian version of the Schr"odinger-cat state. We consider it as a robust Gaussian state of an oscillator prepared in a low-energy Gaussian quantum state entangled with another oscillator which was initially in a quantum state at thermal equilibrium with an arbitrary large energy (macroscopic oscillator). To generate it, we suggest two-mode squeezing as the best candidate. We test that the Gaussian version of the Schr"odinger-cat state can be also used to remotely prepare a squeezed state of the macroscopic oscillator.
We discuss the deterministic Gaussian entangling procedure between continuous variables of two directly noninteracting oscillators. The oscillators can only couple to the same mediating oscillator, which is initially at arbitrary noisy state and can be lost after the procedure. Unitary idealization of the procedure can generate large entanglement for any initial thermal noise of the mediator, thanks to the quantum version of the geometric phase. The generation of entanglement may considerably change when the procedure contains a weak dissipation. A robustness of this entangling procedure for weak dissipation is therefore a basic test of feasibility, especially in the limit of noisy mediator. We theoretically confirm the basic robustness of entanglement generation. Moreover, we suggest a nontrivial numerical optimization of the entangling procedure to approach an absolute robustness. For the weak dissipation, the optimization allows complete avoiding of the impact of the mediator noise. The suggested entangling procedure is therefore verified to be sufficiently robust for further development of quantum transducers.
We propose a scheme to generate the macroscopic entangled Schrödinger cat state of two mechanical resonators in a hybrid optomechanical system by introducing modulated photon-hopping interaction between two cavities. We show that the obtained entangled cat state possesses large average phonon number and the two base vectors of which are nearly orthogonal, thus causing the high degree of entanglement. To justify the robust of the scheme, the dissipation of the system and the noise from the environment are considered. It shows that the high fidelity between the obtained state and the target state can be achieved in the presence of dissipation and thermal noise within our parameter regions, which suggests that our state-generation proposal is feasible.
In this paper, we propose a driven-dissipative scheme for generating non-Gaussian entangled mechanical states and consider the remote preparation of motional Schr\"odinger cat states via mechanical entanglement. The system under our study consists of a cavity optomechanical setup with two frequency-mismatched mechanical oscillators simultaneously coupled to a bichromatically driven cavity field. We show that under appropriate conditions, an effective Hamiltonian for nondegenerate parametric down-conversion involving the two mechanical oscillators and the cavity field can be engineered. We demonstrate analytically and numerically that the cavity dissipation drives the mechanical oscillators into a steady-state non-Gaussian entangled state. The properties of the mechanical state, including non-Gaussianity, Wigner negativity, entanglement, and quantum steering, are investigated in detail. We further reveal that through the non-Gaussian mechanical entanglement, the remote preparation of the Schr\"odinger cat states of one mechanical oscillator can be achieved by coupling the other one to an auxiliary probe cavity and homodyning the output of the probe cavity. We also discuss the robustness of the mechanical states against thermal fluctuations. Our scheme provides a feasible approach for the dissipative and remote preparation of non-Gaussian mechanical nonclassical states.
In recent years, there has been an increased interest in the generation of superposition of coherent states with opposite phases, the so-called photonic Schrodinger-cat states. These experiments are very challenging and so far, cats involving small photon numbers only have been implemented. Here, we propose to consider two-mode squeezed states as examples of a Schrodinger-cat-like state. In particular, we are interested in several criteria aiming to identify quantum states that are macroscopic superpositions in a more general sense. We show how these criteria can be extended to continuous variable entangled states. We apply them to various squeezed states, argue that two-mode squeezed vacuum states belong to a class of general Schrodinger-cat states and compare the size of states obtained in several experiments. Our results not only promote two-mode squeezed states for exploring quantum effects at the macroscopic level but also provide direct measures to evaluate their usefulness for quantum metrology.
In this paper, we propose a driven-dissipative scheme for generating non-Gaussian mechanical entangled states and remotely preparing mechanical Schrödinger cat states via the entanglement. The system under study consists of a cavity optomechanical setup with two frequency-mismatched mechanical oscillators coupled to a cavity field driven by a bichromatic pump. We show that under proper conditions, an effective Hamiltonian for nondegenerate parametric downconversion involving the two mechanical oscillators and the cavity field can be engineered. We demonstrate analytically and numerically that the cavity dissipation drives the mechanical oscillators into a steady-state pair-coherent state. The no-Gaussianity and nonclassical properties, including Winger negativity, entanglement and quantum steering, of the achieved non-Gaussian mechanical state are investigated in detail. We further show that homodyne detection on one mechanical oscillator enables the remote generation of Schrödinger cat states in the other oscillator through the non-Gaussian mechanical entanglement. As we show, this detection can be implemented by transferring the mechanical state to the output field of an auxiliary probe cavity coupled to the target oscillator, followed by homodyne detection on the output field. We also discuss the robustness of the mechanical entangled states and cat states against thermal fluctuations. Our findings establish a feasible approach for the dissipative and remote preparation of mechanical nonclassical states.
Inspired by recent advances in the manipulation of superconducting circuits coupled to mechanical modes in the quantum regime, we propose a protocol for generating superpositions of orthogonally squeezed states in a quantum harmonic oscillator. The protocol relies on a quadratic coupling between the oscillator and a qubit, and is conceptually similar to methods used for preparing cat states in qubit-oscillator systems. We numerically evaluate the robustness of the state-preparation scheme in the presence of decoherence, considering environmental coupling for both the harmonic oscillator and the qubit. As a potential application, we consider a quantum error-correcting code based on conditionally squeezed states and analyze its error correction properties.