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Physical Review A

Probe-intensity dependence of velocity-selective polarization spectra at the rubidium D2 manifold and comparison with a rate-equation calculation

J. Flores-Mijangos, F. Ramírez-Martínez, Ricardo Colín‐Rodríguez, A. Hernández-Hernández, J. Jiménez-Mier

Published Apr 7, 2014• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present a detailed study of the effect of a strong and circularly polarized coupling beam on a probe beam locked to a hyperfine transition of the rubidium ${D}_{2}$ manifold. Experiments were carried out in the co- and counterpropagating configurations. Counterpropagating beams are used to study the effect of the probe beam intensity on absorption and polarization spectra. These data are compared with results of a rate-equation calculation. The absorption spectra show very clear indication of saturation, with different saturation intensities for each atomic line. The slope of the dispersionlike profile of the polarization signal increases with the intensity of the probe beam. These results are in very good agreement with the calculation. Experimental absorption and polarization spectra in the copropagating configuration are also well reproduced by the rate-equation calculation. The dispersion profiles in the polarization signal can be used to lock the coupling laser frequency at well defined frequencies.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.89.042502

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We present a detailed study of the effect of a strong and circularly polarized coupling beam on a probe beam locked to a hyperfine transition of the rubidium D2{D}_{2}D2​ manifold. Experiments were carried out in the co- and counterpropagating configurations. Counterpropagating beams are used to study the effect of the probe beam intensity on absorption and polarization spectra. These data are compared with results of a rate-equation calculation. The absorption spectra show very clear indication of saturation, with different saturation intensities for each atomic line. The slope of the dispersionlike profile of the polarization signal increases with the intensity of the probe beam. These results are in very good agreement with the calculation. Experimental absorption and polarization spectra in the copropagating configuration are also well reproduced by the rate-equation calculation. The dispersion profiles in the polarization signal can be used to lock the coupling laser frequency at well defined frequencies.
In this paper the saturation spectra of rubidium vapour at room temperature, obtained with overlapped co-propagating laser beams, were examined. Unlike the standard saturation spectroscopy, here the transmission of the pump laser beam was detected. The pump laser was locked to an atomic transition of the D2 line, while the probe laser frequency was scanned in a wide frequency range. The pump and probe beams had approximately the same intensities; thus the probe laser can saturate transitions and contribute to optical pumping. This, together with Doppler broadening, leads to rich pump transmission spectra, with many lines appearing due to the interaction of lasers with atoms in different velocity groups. The advantages of this method are well-resolved structures and appearance of spectral lines on a flat, Doppler-free background. Agreement between experimental and theoretical results shows the usefulness of this simple model, based on the rate equations, for identification of lines and determination of relative contribution to the observed line intensity from atoms with different velocities. Theoretical spectra are a useful tool for the calibration of experimental spectra obtained by a nonlinear dependence of the laser frequency on the voltage applied to the piezo used for the laser diode frequency scanning.
We study the Doppler-broadened absorption of a weak monochromatic probe beam in a thermal rubidium vapour cell on the D lines. A detailed model of the susceptibility is developed which takes into account the absolute linestrengths of the allowed electric dipole transitions and the motion of the atoms parallel to the probe beam. All transitions from both hyperfine levels of the ground term of both isotopes are incorporated. The absorption and refractive index as a function of frequency are expressed in terms of the complementary error function. The absolute absorption profiles are compared with experiment, and are found to be in excellent agreement provided a sufficiently weak probe beam with an intensity under one thousandth of the saturation intensity is used. The importance of hyperfine pumping for open transitions is discussed in the context of achieving the weak-probe limit. Theory and experiment show excellent agreement, with an rms error better than 0.2% for the D2 line at 16.5 degrees C.
Abstract. We study the Doppler-broadened absorption of a weak monochromatic probe beam in a thermal rubidium vapour cell on the D lines. A detailed model of the susceptibility is developed which takes into account the absolute linestrengths of the allowed electric dipole transitions and the motion of the atoms parallel to the probe beam. All transitions from both hyperfine levels of the ground term of both isotopes are incorporated. The absorption and refractive index as a function of frequency are expressed in terms of the complementary error function. The absolute absorption profiles are compared with experiment, and are found to be in excellent agreement provided a sufficiently weak probe beam with an intensity under one thousandth of the saturation intensity is used. The importance of hyperfine pumping for open transitions is discussed in the context of achieving the weak-probe limit. Theory and experiment show excellent agreement, with an rms error better than 0.2 % for the D2 line at 16.5 ◦ C. PACS numbers: 32.70.-n, 32.70.Fw, 42.62.FiAbsolute Rb absorption 2 1.
Abstract We present a theoretical and experimental study of the polarization rotation of a linearly polarized probe beam scanning across all of the neighboring hyperfine levels ( F e = 1 and 2) with a circularly polarized pumping beam resonant on the F g = 2 → F e = 3 transition of the D2 line of 87 Rb atoms. The experimental results match well with the results calculated from the full-level density matrix equations considering laser phase noise, which hinders observations of narrow lines with linewidths of ∼90 kHz, as calculated in polarization rotation spectra for the first time.
We study polarization spectroscopy of Rb vapour. A weak probe beam analyses the birefringence induced in a room temperature vapour by a strong counterpropagating circularly polarized pump beam. In contrast to most other work on polarization spectroscopy, we use a polarization beam splitting cube and two detectors (rather than a polarizer and one detector) to analyse the probe beam. The signal is in the form of a derivative of a Lorentzian. For theoretical analysis we study the closed atomic transition 5 2 S 1/2 ( F = 3) → 5 2 P 3/2 ( F ' = 4) in the D2 line of 85 Rb. We study the time needed to redistribute population among the m F states, derive an expression for the expected lineshape and present experimental data in excellent agreement with theory. The polarization spectrum provides an ideal error signal for frequency stabilization of a laser. We describe the geometry and parameters for optimizing the error signal.
We present an analytic calculation for linear susceptibility in pump-probe spectroscopy for a Doppler broadened atomic vapor. The analytic form of the population of each magnetic sublevel of a 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb atom, illuminated by a weak circularly polarized pump beam, was calculated for the lowest order of laser intensity and used in the calculation for the susceptibility of a counterpropagating (copropagating) probe beam. The obtained analytic results for the susceptibility can be used for calculating the absorption or the refractive index of the probe beam as functions of pump beam diameter and intensity.