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The Rochester Conferences on Coherence and Quantum Optics and the Quantum Information and Measurement meeting

Knitting Entanglement: Assembling Photonic States with Delay Lines

E. Megidish, H. S. Eisenberg

Published Jan 1, 2013• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The generation of multiphoton entanglement conventionally requires large amounts of resources. We present several efficient schemes for generating multiphoton graph states using only one source of single or entangled pairs of photons and delay lines.
DOI
10.1364/cqo.2013.m2b.1

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Current photon entangling schemes require resources that grow with the photon number. We present a new approach that generates quantum entanglement between many photons, using only a single source of entangled photon pairs. The different spatial modes, one for each photon as required by other schemes, are replaced by different time slots of only two spatial modes. States of any number of photons are generated with the same setup, solving the scalability problem caused by the previous need for extra resources. Consequently, entangled photon states of larger numbers than before are practically realizable.
Entangled multi-photon graph states are a crucial resource in photonic quantum computation and communication, yet the lack of photon-photon interactions makes their construction especially challenging. Typically, these graph states are produced through probabilistic single-photon sources and linear-optics entangling operations that require indistinguishable photons. The resulting inefficiency of these methods necessitates a large overhead in the number of sources and operations, creating a major bottleneck in the photonic approach. Harnessing single-atom-based photonic operations enables deterministic generation of photonic graph states, while also lifting the requirement for photon indistinguishability.
We propose and analyze deterministic protocols to generate qudit photonic graph states from quantum emitters. We show that our approach can be applied to generate any qudit graph state and we exemplify it by constructing protocols to generate one- and two-dimensional qudit cluster states, absolutely maximally entangled states, and logical states of quantum error-correcting codes. Some of these protocols make use of time-delayed feedback, while others do not. The only additional resource requirement compared to the qubit case is the ability to control multilevel emitters. These results significantly broaden the range of multiphoton entangled states that can be produced deterministically from quantum emitters. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
Single self-assembled quantum dots are established emitters of single photons and entangled photon pairs. The entanglement of photons generated by quantum dots has been shown in polarization [1] , in time bin [2] , and also as hyperentanglement [3] . However, the achievable degree of entanglement and readiness of the source for use in quantum communication protocols, depend on several additional functionalities such as high collection efficiency, coherence of the emitted photon pairs, and fabrication scalability.
The generation of quantum entangled states of many particles is a central goal of quantum information science. Characterizing such states is a complex task that demands exponentially large resources as particles are being added. Previously, we demonstrated a resource efficient source that can generate, in principal, entanglement between any number of photons. This source recursively fuse photon pairs generated by a pulsed laser into a multiphoton entangled state. In the current work, we perform quantum state tomography on the photon pair source and quantum process tomography on the fusion operation. As a result, the full quantum Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state of any number of photons can be calculated. We explore the prospects of our scheme and calculate nonlocality and genuine \textit{N}-photon entanglement thresholds for states with up to twelve photons.