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Frontiers in Optics

Quantum Random Bit Generation Using Degenerate Optical Parametric Oscillator

Alireza Marandi, Nick C. Leindecker, Konstantin L. Vodopyanov, Robert L. Byer

Published Jan 1, 2011• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We implement a twin optical parametric oscillator as a true random bit generator, and verify the randomness statistically. The operation principle is based on two stable phase states in degenerate synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillators.
DOI
10.1364/fio.2011.fthe4

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Random numbers play an important role in many fields, such as computation, simulation and cryptography. The randomness inherent in quantum mechanics is a perfect source of entropy for a true random number generator. Nevertheless, many QRNG schemes require post-processing work to ensure randomness. On the other hand, the bit number of the QRNG is limited, which hamper its further applications. Here, we demonstrate a novel 5-bit all free space optical quantum random number generator based on a time-division-multiplexed degenerate optical parametric oscillator (DOPO), which does not need a complicated experimental environment and tedious post-processing work. By inserting a multi-pass cell into the optical parametric oscillator, the equivalent cavity length is calculated to be as long as 15 m, which corresponds to fifth of the separation times of pump pulses. As a result, 5 identical DOPO pulses are generated simultaneously. The randomness comes from phase responses of degenerate OPOs. Under threshold, the photons produced by optical parametric down conversion have random initial phase, while above threshold, stable oscillations occurs in one of the two possible phase states. Random number is reliably verified by measuring the relative phase states between DOPO output pulses and the original pump pulse using a fast response photodiode. All spatial structures have the advantages of higher stability and are less sensitive to temperature fluctuation. The bit number can be readily multiplied by increasing the cavity length of DOPO or the repetition rate of the pump laser source.
We demonstrate a novel all-optical quantum random number generator (RNG) based on above-threshold binary phase state selection in a degenerate optical parametric oscillator (OPO). Photodetection is not a part of the random process, and no post processing is required for the generated bit sequence. We show that the outcome is statistically random with 99% confidence, and verify that the randomness is due to the phase of initiating photons generated through spontaneous parametric down conversion of the pump, with negligible contribution of classical noise sources. With the use of micro- and nanoscale OPO resonators, this technique offers a promise for simple, robust, and high-speed on-chip all-optical quantum RNGs.
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