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Physical Review A

Cavity-mediated cooling of a trapped Λ -type three-level atom using a standing-wave laser field

Zhen Yi, Gao‐xiang Li, Yaping Yang

Published May 20, 2013• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a ground-state cavity-mediated cooling scheme for a trapped atom, which is in the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ configuration and confined inside a high-finesse optical cavity, using a standing-wave cooling laser. The carrier transition can be prohibited by placing the atom at the node of the cavity field, and the blue-sideband transition can be simultaneously eliminated by exploiting quantum interference via tuning the frequency of the cooling laser. As a consequence, the ground-state cooling for the trapped atom can be achieved. Moreover, we numerically demonstrate the superiority by placing the atom at the antinode of the standing-wave cooling laser as compared with the running-wave cooling laser, and the robustness of the scheme using the standing-wave laser. Meanwhile, the cooling rate can reach the same order of magnitude as that obtained in the cavity--electromagnetically-induced-transparency cooling scheme, and the explicit expression for the final phonon number in higher order is also presented.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.87.053408

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DOI: 10.1007/s003400100721

Appl Phys Lasers

A novel method of ground-state laser cooling of trapped atoms utilizes the absorption profile of a three- (or multi-) level system that is tailored by a quantum interference. With cooling rates comparable to conventional sideband cooling, lower final temperatures may be achieved. The method was experimentally implemented to cool a single Ca + ion to its vibrational ground state. Since a broad band of vibrational frequencies can be cooled simultaneously, the technique will be particularly useful for the cooling of larger ion strings, thereby being of great practical importance for initializing a quantum register based on trapped ions. We also discuss its application to different level schemes and for ground-state cooling of neutral atoms trapped by a far-detuned standing wave laser field.

•Nov 21, 2007•0 citations
We propose a ground-state cavity-mediated cooling scheme for a trapped atom, which is in the \ensuremathΛ\ensuremath{\Lambda}\ensuremathΛ configuration and confined inside a high-finesse optical cavity, using a standing-wave cooling laser. The carrier transition can be prohibited by placing the atom at the node of the cavity field, and the blue-sideband transition can be simultaneously eliminated by exploiting quantum interference via tuning the frequency of the cooling laser. As a consequence, the ground-state cooling for the trapped atom can be achieved. Moreover, we numerically demonstrate the superiority by placing the atom at the antinode of the standing-wave cooling laser as compared with the running-wave cooling laser, and the robustness of the scheme using the standing-wave laser. Meanwhile, the cooling rate can reach the same order of magnitude as that obtained in the cavity--electromagnetically-induced-transparency cooling scheme, and the explicit expression for the final phonon number in higher order is also presented.
We propose a cooling scheme for a trapped atom using the phenomenon of cavity-induced double electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), where the atom comprising of four levels in tripod configuration is confined inside a high-finesse optical cavity. By exploiting one cavity-induced EIT, which involves one cavity photon and two laser photons, carrier transition can be eliminated due to the quantum destructive interference of excitation paths. Heating process originated from blue-sideband transition mediated by cavity field can also be prohibited due to the destructive quantum interference with the additional transition between the additional ground state and the excited state. As a consequence, the trapped atom can be cooled to the motional ground state in the leading order of the Lamb-Dicke parameters. In addition, the cooling rate is of the same order of magnitude as that obtained in the cavity-induced single EIT scheme.
We discuss a laser cooling scheme for trapped atoms or ions which is based on double electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and makes use of a four-level atom in tripod configuration. The additional fourth atomic state is coupled by a strong-coupling laser field to the upper state of the usual three-level setup of single-EIT cooling. This effectively allows to create two EIT structures in the absorption spectrum of the system to be cooled, which may be controlled by the coupling laser field parameters to cancel both the carrier- and the blue-sideband excitations. In leading order of the Lamb-Dicke expansion, this suppresses all heating processes. As a consequence, the double-EIT scheme can be used to lower the cooling limit by a factor of order of the Lamb-Dicke parameter squared as compared to single-EIT cooling.
We demonstrate cooling of the motion of a single neutral atom confined by a dipole trap inside a high-finesse optical resonator. Cooling of the vibrational motion results from electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)--like interference in an atomic $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-type configuration, where one transition is strongly coupled to the cavity mode and the other is driven by an external control laser. Good qualitative agreement with the theoretical predictions is found for the explored parameter ranges. Further, we demonstrate EIT cooling of atoms in the dipole trap in free space, reaching the ground state of axial motion. By means of a direct comparison with the cooling inside the resonator, the role of the cavity becomes evident by an additional cooling resonance. These results pave the way towards a controlled interaction among atomic, photonic, and mechanical degrees of freedom.
A novel method of ground-state laser cooling of trapped atoms utilizes the absorption profile of a three- (or multi-) level system that is tailored by a quantum interference. With cooling rates comparable to conventional sideband cooling, lower final temperatures may be achieved. The method was experimentally implemented to cool a single Ca + ion to its vibrational ground state. Since a broad band of vibrational frequencies can be cooled simultaneously, the technique will be particularly useful for the cooling of larger ion strings, thereby being of great practical importance for initializing a quantum register based on trapped ions. We also discuss its application to different level schemes and for ground-state cooling of neutral atoms trapped by a far-detuned standing wave laser field.