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International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications

Simple Post Quantum Scheme for Higher Key Rate Multiparty Quantum Key Distribution

Abudhahir Buhari

Published Sep 30, 2012• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a multi-party quantum key distribution protocol which enables all the receivers can convert their respective private shared key into common secret key without use of entanglement.The main component of our protocol is a simple post quantum scheme for achieving the higher secret key rate.Efficiency of the extracted key rate is almost 100%.We assume that sender established the pre-shared private secret keys and a common secret number with the receivers.Our proposed scheme sends n strings of number to n receivers in the public channel to convert their respective shared secret key into common secret key in the presence of Eve.We also analyze the complexity of attack by the adversary to guess the secret key.

DOI
10.5121/ijnsa.2012.4501

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We propose a multi-party quantum key distribution protocol which enables all the receivers can convert their respective private shared key into common secret key without use of entanglement.The main component of our protocol is a simple post quantum scheme for achieving the higher secret key rate.Efficiency of the extracted key rate is almost 100%.We assume that sender established the pre-shared private secret keys and a common secret number with the receivers.Our proposed scheme sends n strings of number to n receivers in the public channel to convert their respective shared secret key into common secret key in the presence of Eve.We also analyze the complexity of attack by the adversary to guess the secret key.
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In this paper we propose a new protocol for multiparty secret key sharing by using quantum entanglement swapping.Quantum Entanglement swapping is a process that allows two non-interacting quantum systems to be entangled.Further, to increase the security level and to make sure that the users are legitimate, authentication for both parties will be required by a trusted third party.In this protocol, a trusted third party will authenticate the sender and the receiver and help them forming a secret key.Furthermore, the proposed protocol will perform entanglement swapping between the sender and the receiver.The result from the entanglement swapping will be an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pair that will help them in forming and sending the secret key without having the sender to send any physical quantum states to the receiver.This protocol will provide the required authentication of all parties to the trusted party and it will provide the required secure method in transmitting the secret key.
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Quantum secret sharing (QSS) is a cryptographic protocol that utilizes fundamental principles of quantum mechanics to securely distribute and reconstruct secret information among multiple participants. Most existing protocols rely on entangled states (such as Bell and GHZ states), but in practical applications. The preparation of entangled state is constrained by a short quantum coherence time, low state fidelity, etc., which makes it difficult to implement entangled resource-dependent QSS protocols. In this work, a novel practical and verifiable multi-party QSS protocol is proposed based on orthogonal product states, which are easier to prepare than entangled states. During the protocol preparation stage, the secret distributor first converts pre-shared classical secret information into the corresponding orthogonal product states according to the encoding rules, and pre-shares a communication key with participants via quantum key distribution (QKD), which is used to hide the initial quantum sequence information through subsequent particle transformation operations. After preparing the orthogonal product states, the distributor reorganizes the particles by position, extracting particles at the same position from each state to form new sequences, shuffling their order, then applying Hadamard operations using a pre-shared key, inserting decoy particles, and sending the sequences to the participants. After receiving it, participants conduct eavesdropping detection, use the same key for the inverse transformations, retain one particle from each sequence, and sequentially pass the remaining particles until the last participant receives a complete set, triggering state verification with the arbiter distributor. If the verification is successful, the particles will be returned to the first participant and the return stage will follow the same procedure. Only after both the transmission and return stage verifications have passed, will the distributor reveal the initial particle positions, allowing participants to collaboratively reconstruct the secret. In the protocol, the secret distributor acts as an arbitrator to verify the particle state information together with participants at designated points (the end of the transmission stage and the end of the return stage) in order to determine whether the particle-state information is error-free during transmission. If the verification fails at either stage, the protocol will be terminated immediately. Meanwhile, considering that the number of participants may change during the execution of the protocol, a dynamic scheme for personnel changes is designed to ensure the flexibility of the protocol. Through the analysis of possible internal and external attacks, It can be proven that our protocol can effectively resist the existing common attack. Using Qiskit simulation experiments, the core quantum procedures of the protocol can be successfully modeled. The experimental results provide strong computational validation of the theoretical feasibility of the protocol.