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The Journal of Physical Chemistry C

Observation of Autler–Townes Splitting of Second-Order Fluorescence in Pr3+:YSO

Dan Zhang, Huayan Lan, Changbiao Li, Huaibin Zheng, Chengjun Lei, Ruimin Wang, Imran Metlo, Yanpeng Zhang

Published Jun 9, 2014• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate the second-order fluorescence (FL) signals of Pr 3+:YSO both theoretically and experimentally. For the first time, the Autler–Townes (AT) splitting effect of FL spectrum induced by itself and/or external fields and the polarization dependence of FL signals in two-level, V-level, and N-level atomic systems are observed and explained. The AT splitting distance can be modulated by the frequency detunings, power, and polarization configurations of the incident fields which are well explained by using the presented theoretical model.

DOI
10.1021/jp502343g

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We investigate the second-order fluorescence (FL) signals of Pr 3+:YSO both theoretically and experimentally. For the first time, the Autler–Townes (AT) splitting effect of FL spectrum induced by itself and/or external fields and the polarization dependence of FL signals in two-level, V-level, and N-level atomic systems are observed and explained. The AT splitting distance can be modulated by the frequency detunings, power, and polarization configurations of the incident fields which are well explained by using the presented theoretical model.
For first time, we study primary and secondary Autler-Townes (AT) splitting of multi-order fluorescence (FL) in time domain. The AT-splitting of multi-order FL signals are controlled by changing power, detuning, and polarization of single and double dressing in a heteronuclear-like molecule system of Pr+3:YSO. The primary and secondary AT-splitting is caused by double cascaded dressing in time domain. The AT-splitting of multi-order FL in time domain is more sensitive than that of in spectral domain. Such results have potential applications in quantum communication and optical information processing on photonic chip.
We explore the alteration that occurs in Autler-Townes (AT) splitting caused by the competition of phonon intensity and polarized dressing fields in second-order fluorescence (FL) signals in both the spectral and the time domain. By varying the polarization dressing along with temperature, we control the AT-splitting of the FL signal. Furthermore, we analyze the noise correlation and squeezing of spontaneous four-wave mixing (SP-FWM) to investigate the effect of phonon and polarized dressing fields. These results are applied for optical temperature sensors and switching devices, which can be controlled by the competition between phonon and polarization dressing. Optical temperature sensor sensitivity and switching speeds are 96% and 15 ns, respectively.
For the first time, we present the comparison of Autler–Townes (AT) splitting in fluorescence and six-wave mixing (SWM) signals with electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). With the detunings of the generating or external-dressing fields scanned, the two signals are distinguished theoretically and investigated experimentally. The EIT separation and AT splitting in fluorescence and SWM can be controlled by a phase determined by the angle in between the incident beams. These phenomena also can be modulated by the incident beam powers. In particular, the anti-AT splitting representing the vanishing tendency of secondary AT splitting is observed.
Polarization-dressed time-delayed fluorescence (FL) processes in Pr3+:YSO crystal are investigated experimentally. By changing the polarization of the incident beam, the double-dressing effect and the time delay of the second- and fourth-order FL processes can be controlled. Furthermore, the total evolution of the temporal FL signals with different incident beam intensities is observed. The two split peaks of FL in time domain are suppressed by the polarized dressing field. The switch of the suppressed dip and the enhanced peak at different time positions has also been studied. In addition, the evolution of the FL spectral signal at the adiabatic population transition stage, the build time, and the decay time of temporal FL signal with varied incident beam polarizations are also investigated. Such results can find potential applications in all-optical communication on photonic chips.
We demonstrate the seeded spontaneous parametric four-wave mixing (SP-FWM) process associated with the fluorescence signals of Pr 3+ :YSO both theoretically and experimentally. For the first time, the dressed SP-FWM processes are observed by self-dressing and/or external-dressing in this crystal. Various possible amplification processes are discussed by selectively seeding various multi-wave mixing (MWM) signals. Two contributions of the dressing effect and the dipole–dipole interaction to the linewidths of the SP-FWM signal and the conjugate signal of the seeding MWM signal associated with the fluorescence signal have been distinguished. In addition, the Autler–Townes-like (or Autler–Townes) splitting effect of the fluorescence spectrum induced by itself (or external) field and the mutual interaction between two fluorescence signals are investigated which are well explained using the presented theoretical model. Such results can find potential applications in all-optical communication and optical information processing on a photonic chip.
We report the experimental observations of the second- and third-order hybrid intensity noise correlation and intensity difference squeezing among two different multi-order nonlinear fluorescence (FL) and two FL signals as well as one of pair of phase conjugate four-wave mixing in a Pr3+:Y2SiO5 crystal, respectively. The degrees of the correlation and squeezing as well as the sharp and broad peaks are studied by changing the polarization of laser fields and gate position in Λ-type three-level systems. We observed the multi-channel hybrid intensities' correlation among the composite and coexisting signals, which turn out to be positive and negative for the cases without and with Autler-Town splitting of FL, respectively. A wide broad peak and a high sharp peak are observed with respect to the degrees of correlation and polarization state controlled by wave plates. Such results may find potential applications in optical transistor and optical hybrid communications.