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Journal of Optical Communications

Performance Enhanced Asynchronous Optical CDMA Systems using Double Hard-limiters and FEC Codes

Anand Kumar Srivastava, Subrat Kar, Virander Kumar Jain

Published Jan 1, 2004• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) systems are generally interference limited. To alleviate the adverse effect of optical multiple access interference (OMAI), use of forward error correcting (FEC) codes and optical double hard-limiters (DHLs) are explored. The system analysis is carried out under chip synchronous case among different users with PIN+OA as the receiver. The analysis incorporates the effect of amplifier noise, thermal noise and OMAI. It is observed that optical CDMA systems with FEC and double hard-limiters give rise to satisfactory performance even when the number of simultaneous users is large. It has been observed that with the usage of DHLs there is a significant improvement in the performance. When FEC is also used along with DHLs, there is slight enhancement in the performance.

DOI
10.1515/joc.2004.25.6.250

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Optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) systems are generally interference limited. To alleviate the adverse effect of optical multiple access interference (OMAI), use of forward error correcting (FEC) codes and optical double hard-limiters (DHLs) are explored. The system analysis is carried out under chip synchronous case among different users with PIN+OA as the receiver. The analysis incorporates the effect of amplifier noise, thermal noise and OMAI. It is observed that optical CDMA systems with FEC and double hard-limiters give rise to satisfactory performance even when the number of simultaneous users is large. It has been observed that with the usage of DHLs there is a significant improvement in the performance. When FEC is also used along with DHLs, there is slight enhancement in the performance.
The bit error performance of optical synchronous code-division multiple-access (S/CDMA) networks have been evaluated with multiple-user interference (MUI) cancellation technique for PIN+OA (a combination of an optical amplifier and a PIN photodiode) and APD (avalanche photodiode) receivers using perfect difference codes. In addition to shot noise and thermal noise, the PIN+OA receiver analysis incorporates the effects of amplifier spontaneous emission (ASE) noise while the APD receiver analysis includes the excess noise factor and surface- and bulk-leakage currents of APD. Considering typical optical and receiver parameters of the networks, the numerical results of analyses show that PIN+OA receiver requires a received optical power of about 3.7 dBW less compared to APD receiver for reliable communication (P e < 10 -9 ) under full traffic load condition.
The performance of coherent time-spreading (TS) and asynchronous TS phase coding optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) systems is investigated and analyzed. Particular consideration is given however to both beat noise (BN) and multiple-access interference (MAI) effects, and the impact of decision threshold on the bit-error-rate (BER) performance is evaluated. Improvement of the BER performance can be obtained by use of optimum threshold detection, and the improvement is more apparent in the asynchronous TS OCDMA scheme for a low number of simultaneous users with long code length.
We propose a novel quasi-synchronous coherent time-spreading optical CDMA (TS-OCDMA) system, where the synchronization among users can be controlled within permissible time delay. Relationship between the system performance and code parameters is analyzed. In quasi-synchronous coherent TS-OCDMA system, beat noise (BN) and multiple-access interference (MAI) are depend- ent on the mean intensity of aperiodic cross-correlation within permissible time delay. LA sequence is employed in this network, and code performance is analyzed. Within permissible time delay, the mean intensity of aperiodic cross-correlation equals zero, and hence the BN and MAI can be eliminated in quasi-synchronous coherent TS- OCDMA system. When the time delay is out of zero correlation zone, crosstalk value of LA sequence is less than that of Gold sequence. Therefore, quasi-synchronous coherent TS-OCDMA using LA sequence is beneficial in a low-user-load OCDMA network.
The performance of optical code-division multiple-access (CDMA) communication systems utilizing number-state light field is evaluated. Lossy direct detection optical channels are assumed. Both on-off keying (OOK) and pulse-position modulation (PPM) schemes are investigated. For OOK, the exact bit error rate is evaluated taking into account the effect of both multiple-user interference and transmission loss. Upper and lower bounds on the bit error probability for PPM-CDMA systems are derived under the above considerations. The effect of both background and thermal noise is neglected in the analysis. A comparison between the performance of the number- and coherent-state OOK/PPM-CDMA networks is also presented. The results demonstrate that the number-state system requires less than half the energy consumed by the coherent-state one in order to attain the same performance.>
The performance of optical code-division multiple-access (CDMA) communication systems utilizing number-state light field is evaluated. Lossy direct-detection optical channels are assumed. Both on-off keying (OOK) and pulse-position modulation (PPM) schemes are investigated. For OOK, the exact bit error rate is evaluated taking into account the effect of both multiple-user interference and transmission loss. Upper and lower bounds on the bit error probability for PPM-CDMA systems are derived under the above considerations. The effect of both background and thermal noise is neglected in our analysis. Performance comparison between the number-state and coherent-state OOK/PPM-CDMA networks is also presented. Our results demonstrate that the number-state system requires less than half the energy consumed by the coherent-state one in order to attain the same performance. Lower bounds on the maximum number of simultaneous users are derived for both number- and coherent-state PPM-CDMA systems with asymptotically zero error rate.>