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Physical Review A

Classical field theory for a non-Hermitian Schrödinger equation with position-dependent masses

M. A. Rego-Monteiro, Fernando Dantas Nobre

Published Sep 9, 2013• 42 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A linear one-dimensional Schr\"odinger equation, defined by means of a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian characterized by position-dependent masses, was proposed lately. Herein we present an exact classical field theory for this equation, showing the need for an extra field $\ensuremath{\Phi}(x,t)$, in addition to the usual one, $\ensuremath{\Psi}(x,t)$, similar to what was done recently in the analysis of a class of nonlinear quantum equations. These generalizations of the Schr\"odinger equation depend on an index $q$, in such a way that the standard case is recovered in the limit $q\ensuremath{\rightarrow}1$. Particularly, the field $\ensuremath{\Phi}(x,t)$ becomes ${\ensuremath{\Psi}}^{*}(x,t)$ only when $q\ensuremath{\rightarrow}1$ and satisfies a similar Schr\"odinger equation for the Hermitian conjugate of the Hamiltonian operator. In terms of these two fields one may define a probability density following a standard continuity equation, leading to the preservation of probability in Cartesian space. Simple applications are performed by solving the equations for the two fields.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.88.032105

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Note on classical field theory for the non-Hermitian Schrödinger equation with position-dependent masses

S. Habib Mazharimousavi

The European Physical Journal Plus•Aug 1, 2021•0 citations
A linear one-dimensional Schr"odinger equation, defined by means of a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian characterized by position-dependent masses, was proposed lately. Herein we present an exact classical field theory for this equation, showing the need for an extra field \ensuremathΦ(x,t)\ensuremath{\Phi}(x,t)\ensuremathΦ(x,t), in addition to the usual one, \ensuremathΨ(x,t)\ensuremath{\Psi}(x,t)\ensuremathΨ(x,t), similar to what was done recently in the analysis of a class of nonlinear quantum equations. These generalizations of the Schr"odinger equation depend on an index qqq, in such a way that the standard case is recovered in the limit q\ensuremath→1q\ensuremath{\rightarrow}1q\ensuremath→1. Particularly, the field \ensuremathΦ(x,t)\ensuremath{\Phi}(x,t)\ensuremathΦ(x,t) becomes \ensuremathΨ∗(x,t){\ensuremath{\Psi}}^{*}(x,t)\ensuremathΨ∗(x,t) only when q\ensuremath→1q\ensuremath{\rightarrow}1q\ensuremath→1 and satisfies a similar Schr"odinger equation for the Hermitian conjugate of the Hamiltonian operator. In terms of these two fields one may define a probability density following a standard continuity equation, leading to the preservation of probability in Cartesian space. Simple applications are performed by solving the equations for the two fields.
Abstract A classical field theory for a Schrödinger equation with a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian describing a particle with position-dependent mass has been recently advanced by Nobre and Rego–Monteiro (NR) [Phys. Rev. A 88 (2013) 032105 ]. This field theory is based on a variational principle involving the wavefunction Ψ(x,t) and an auxiliary field ϕ(x,t). It is here shown that the relation between the dynamics of the auxiliary field ϕ(x,i) and that of the original wavefunction Ψ(x,t) is deeper than suggested by the NR approach. Indeed, we formulate a variational principle for the aforementioned Schrödinger equation which is based solely on the wavefunction Ψ(x,t). A continuity equation for an appropriately defined probability density, and the concomitant preservation of the norm, follows from this variational principle via Noether's theorem. Moreover, the norm-conservation law obtained by NR is reinterpreted as the preservation of the inner product between pairs of solutions of the variable mass Schrödinger equation.
An exact classical field theory, for a recently proposed nonlinear generalization of the Schrödinger equation, is presented. In this generalization, a nonlinearity depending on an index q appears in the kinetic term, such that the free-particle linear Schrödinger equation is recovered in the limit q →1. It is shown that besides the usual , a new field must be introduced, which becomes only when q →1. In analogy to the linear case, is interpreted as the probability density for finding the particle at time t , in a given position inside an arbitrary finite volume V , for any q . The possible physical consequences are discussed, and, in particular, the important property that the fields and do not interact with light.
Abstract With the aim to solve the time-dependent Schrödinger equation associated to a time-dependent non-Hermitian Hamiltonian, we introduce a unitary transformation that maps the Hamiltonian to a time-independent   -symmetric one. Consequently, the solution of time-dependent Schrödinger equation becomes easily deduced and the evolution preserves the  ( t ) PT −inner product, where  ( t ) is a obtained from the charge conjugation operator  through a time dependent unitary transformation. Moreover, the expectation value of the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian in the  ( t ) PT normed states is guaranteed to be real. As an illustration, we present a specific quantum system given by a quantum oscillator with time-dependent mass subjected to a driving linear complex time-dependent potential.