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Physical Review A

Dynamic light deflection in an active Raman-gain medium using a spatially inhomogeneous pump

Chengjie Zhu, L. Deng, E. W. Hagley

Published Jul 25, 2013• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study optical wave deflection in a three-level active Raman gain medium using a spatially inhomogeneous pump field. Using the eikonal approximation, we derive an analytical expression for the deflection angle and demonstrate more than an order of magnitude increase in deflection when compared to the electromagnetically induced transparency method. Numerical simulations have shown excellent agreement with semi-classical theoretical predictions. We further discuss the concept of light-beam-deflection-based wavelength division multiplexing which may have important applications in integrated circuits for optical telecommunications.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.88.013841

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We study optical wave deflection in a three-level active Raman gain medium using a spatially inhomogeneous pump field. Using the eikonal approximation, we derive an analytical expression for the deflection angle and demonstrate more than an order of magnitude increase in deflection when compared to the electromagnetically induced transparency method. Numerical simulations have shown excellent agreement with semi-classical theoretical predictions. We further discuss the concept of light-beam-deflection-based wavelength division multiplexing which may have important applications in integrated circuits for optical telecommunications.
We discuss an optical ``cloaking'' scheme using three-level active Raman gain media in tandem in the presence of a spatially distributed pump field. Using eikonal approximation we first derive analytically the deflection angle and show that the trajectory of light can be controlled dynamically using a spatially distributed pump. We further show an excellent agreement of analytical results with a full numerical calculation of the Maxwell equation for the probe field propagating across regions where an object is embedded. Our results show that the probe light travels around the object under detection, achieving the desired spatial cloaking of the object.
We study the spatial behavior of a deflected beam in a coherent Λ-type three-level atomic medium with an inhomogeneous control laser. When the Rabi coupling by the control laser is in a Gaussian profile, the spatial-dependent refraction index of the atomic medium will result in a beam splitting as well as the deflection of the slow probe light under electromagnetically induced transparency. In terms of the phase difference between the two splitting beams and the position of the splitting, the possible interpretation of the splitting is given in theory.
We consider a hybrid quantum-well structure consisting of regions whose properties alternate between active Raman gain and electromagnetically induced transparency. We present both analytical and numerical results that indicate a large light beam defection using spatially inhomogeneous pump and control lasers. We show well-isolated on-chip wavelength selection or channeling capabilities without light field attenuation or distortion, demonstrating the advantages of the system for possible important applications in integrated circuits for optical telecommunications.
We propose an all-optical antiwaveguide mechanism for steering, splitting, and cloning of an optical beam without diffraction. We use a spatially inhomogeneous pump beam to create an antiwaveguide structure in a Doppler broadened N\mathcal{N}N-type four-level Raman gain medium for a copropagating weak probe beam. We show that a transverse modulated index of refraction and gain due to the spatially dependent pump beam hold the keys to steering, splitting, and cloning of an optical beam. We have also shown that an additional control field permits the propagation of an optical beam through an otherwise gain medium without diffraction and instability. We further discuss how finesse of the cloned images can be increased by changing the detuning of the control field. We arrive at similar results by using homogeneously broadened gain media at higher density.
We present a semiclassical theory for light deflection by a coherent $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-type three-level atomic medium in an inhomogeneous magnetic field or an inhomogeneous control laser. When the atomic energy levels (or the Rabi coupling by the control laser) are position-dependent due to the Zeeman effect caused by the inhomogeneous magnetic field (or due to inhomogeneity of the control field profile), the spatial dependence of the refraction index of the atomic medium will result in an observable deflection of slow signal light when the electromagnetically induced transparency cancels medium absorption. Our theoretical approach based on Fermat's principle in geometrical optics not only provides a consistent explanation for the most recent experiment in a straightforward way, but also predicts the two-photon detuning dependent behaviors and larger deflection angles by three orders of magnitude for the slow signal light deflection by the atomic media in an inhomogeneous off-resonant control laser field.
We investigate linear and nonlinear Faraday effects in a room-temperature, coherently driven four-level active-Raman-gain (ARG) medium. By using the multiple-scale method, we derive two nonlinear coupled envelope equations governing the dynamics of left- and right-polarized components of a linearly polarized probe field. Under the weak probe field approximation, we demonstrate a factor of four increase of the Faraday rotation angle by the linear and nonlinear response of the ARG scheme without probe field loss. We further compare this ARG system with an MMM-type five-state electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) scheme and demonstrate the superiority of the ARG scheme over the conventional EIT scheme.