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Physical Review B

Absence of valence-bond supersolidity on the checkerboard lattice

Stefan Weßel

Published Oct 9, 2012• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The stability of the supersolid state of bosons reported recently on the checkerboard lattice in the vicinity of a valence-bond crystal phase is assessed. In contrast to previously identified supersolid phases of lattice bosons, this state would---if stable---provide superfluidity atop a solid with inherent quantum dynamics, restricted to the particular filling fraction of one quarter. Using large-scale quantum Monte Carlo simulations based on the stochastic series expansion method constrained to the canonical ensemble, the supersolid state is, however, found to be unstable in the thermodynamic limit. Converging crossing points in both the winding number fluctuations and the Binder ratio related to the order parameter of the valence-bond crystal instead exhibit a direct quantum melting transition of the crystal into the superfluid regime.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.86.140501

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The stability of the supersolid state of bosons reported recently on the checkerboard lattice in the vicinity of a valence-bond crystal phase is assessed. In contrast to previously identified supersolid phases of lattice bosons, this state would---if stable---provide superfluidity atop a solid with inherent quantum dynamics, restricted to the particular filling fraction of one quarter. Using large-scale quantum Monte Carlo simulations based on the stochastic series expansion method constrained to the canonical ensemble, the supersolid state is, however, found to be unstable in the thermodynamic limit. Converging crossing points in both the winding number fluctuations and the Binder ratio related to the order parameter of the valence-bond crystal instead exhibit a direct quantum melting transition of the crystal into the superfluid regime.
Bosonic and fermionic Hubbard models on the checkerboard lattice are studied numerically for infinite on-site repulsion. At particle density n=1/4 and strong nearest-neighbor repulsion, insulating Valence-Bond crystals (VBC) of resonating particle pairs are stabilized. Their melting into superfluid or metallic phases under increasing hopping is investigated at T=0 K. We identify a novel and unconventional commensurate VBC supersolid region, precursor to the melting of the bosonic crystal. Hardcore bosons (spins) are compared to fermions (electrons), as well as positive to negative (frustrating) hoppings.
The hardcore extended Bose Hubbard model on a bilayer square lattice with attractive (repulsive) interplane (intraplane) interactions has been investigated numerically. Focusing on the strong interplane hopping parameter regime, triplet valence bonds of dimers are stabilized to form valence bond checkerboard solid at quarter filling. Increasing the particle number we confirm the presence of the exotic valence bond supersolid phase, where the valence bond solid ordering and the boson superfluidity coexist. Rising further the particle number will lead to a checkerboard solid of dimer pair at half filling for strong intraplane repulsion, or a valence bond Mott insulator for weak repulsive interactions. We analyze the rich ground state phase diagrams of this model, which can be experimentally realized in optical lattices of cold atoms.
Using an unbiased quantum Monte Carlo method, we obtain convincing evidence of the existence of a checkerboard supersolid at a commensurate filling factor 1/2 (a commensurate supersolid) in the soft-core Bose-Hubbard model with nearest-neighbor repulsions on a cubic lattice. In conventional cases, supersolids are realized at incommensurate filling factors by a doped-defect-condensation mechanism, where particles (holes) doped into a perfect crystal act as interstitials (vacancies) and delocalize in the crystal order. However, in the model, a supersolid state is stabilized even at the commensurate filling factor 1/2 without doping. By performing grand canonical simulations, we obtain a ground-state phase diagram that suggests the existence of a supersolid at a commensurate filling. To obtain direct evidence of the commensurate supersolid, we next perform simulations in canonical ensembles at a particle density ρ=1/2 and exclude the possibility of phase separation. From the obtained snapshots, we discuss its microscopic structure and observe that interstitial-vacancy pairs are unbound in the crystal order.
The bosonic t-J model is a strong-on-site repulsion limit of the two-component Bose-Hubbard model and is expected to be realized by experiments of cold atoms in an optical lattice. In previous papers, we studied the bosonic t-J model by both analytical methods and numerical Monte - Carlo (MC) simulations. However, in the case of finite JzJ_zJz​, where JzJ_zJz​ is the zzz-component coupling constant of the pseudospin interaction, the phase diagram of the model was investigated by assuming the checkerboard type of boson densities. In this study, we shall continue our previous study of the bosonic t-J model using both the Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) theory and MC simulations without assuming any pattern of boson densities. These two methods complement each other and give reliable results. We show that as JzJ_zJz​ is increased, the superfluid state evolves into a supersolid (SS), and furthermore into a genuine solid with the checkerboard symmetry. In the present study, we propose a method identifying quantum phase transitions in the GP theory. We also study finite-temperature phase transitions of the superfluidity and the diagonal solid order of the SS by MC simulations.
We use quantum Monte Carlo method employing stochastic-series-expansion technique to study the ground state properties of the ${t}_{2}\ensuremath{-}{V}_{1}$ model of hard-core bosons on a square lattice. We find that, away from half fillings, the minimal combination of nearest-neighbor repulsion V1{V}_{1}V1​ and next-nearest-neighbor hopping t2{t}_{2}t2​ may give rise to checkerboard supersolidity. The nature of the quantum phase transition, where the superfluid changes to a checkerboard supersolid, depends on the relative strength of V1/t2{V}_{1}/{t}_{2}V1​/t2​ and the average site occupancy. Interestingly, at the half filling, the model displays the extreme Thouless effect. As the filling is varied away from half filling, the model exhibits initially a mixed-order transition, next a tricritical point, and finally a second-order transition.
We numerically study the ground state phase diagram of the two-dimensional hard-core Bose-Hubbard model with nearest-(V(1)) and next-nearest-neighbour (V(2)) repulsions. In particular, we focus on the quarter-filled phases where one supersolid and two solid phases are observed. Using both canonical and grand canonical quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) methods and a mean-field calculation, we provide evidence for the existence of a commensurate supersolid. Despite the two possible diagonal long-range orderings for the solid phase, only one kind of supersolid phase is found to be energetically stable. The competition between the two solid phases manifests itself as a first-order phase transition around 2V(2) ∼ V(1). The change of order parameters as a function of the chemical potential is also presented.