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Physical Review B

Adiabatic transfer scheme of light between strongly coupled photonic crystal nanocavities

Ryotaro Konoike, Yoshiya Sato, Yoshinori Tanaka, Takashi Asano, Susumu Noda

Published Apr 29, 2013• 15 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Ultra-high-quality factor photonic crystal nanocavities are attracting much attention because they can confine light into an ultra-small region and enable strong interaction between light and matter. One important step toward the realization of quantum information processing with cavity quantum electrodynamics approaches is a robust method that transfers photons among such cavities. We propose and theoretically investigate a scheme to transfer photons between strongly coupled, distant photonic crystal nanocavities by an adiabatic change in the cavity characteristics in the time domain. Adding one intermediate nanocavity for control allows efficient light transfer between objective nanocavities. Because our scheme utilizes adiabatic transfer, its operation is robust for both the control parameters and the control timing.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.87.165138

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Ultra-high-quality factor photonic crystal nanocavities are attracting much attention because they can confine light into an ultra-small region and enable strong interaction between light and matter. One important step toward the realization of quantum information processing with cavity quantum electrodynamics approaches is a robust method that transfers photons among such cavities. We propose and theoretically investigate a scheme to transfer photons between strongly coupled, distant photonic crystal nanocavities by an adiabatic change in the cavity characteristics in the time domain. Adding one intermediate nanocavity for control allows efficient light transfer between objective nanocavities. Because our scheme utilizes adiabatic transfer, its operation is robust for both the control parameters and the control timing.
Vacuum Rabi oscillation is a damped oscillation in which energy can transfer between an atomic excitation and a photon when an atom is strongly coupled to a photonic cavity. This process is challenging to be coherently controlled due to the fact that interaction between the atom and the electromagnetic resonator needs to be modulated in a quick manner compared to vacuum Rabi frequency. This control has been achieved at microwave frequencies, but has remained challenging to be implemented in the optical domain. Here we demonstrated coherent control of energy transfer in a semiconductor quantum dot strongly coupled to a photonic crystal molecule by manipulating the vacuum Rabi oscillation of the system. Instead of using a single photonic crystal cavity, we utilized a photonic crystal molecule consisting two coupled photonic crystal defect cavities to obtain both strong quantum dot-cavity coupling and cavityenhanced AC stark shift. In our system the AC stark shift modulates the coupling interaction between the quantum dot and the cavity by shifting the quantum dot resonance, on timescales (picosecond) shorter than the vacuum Rabi period. We demonstrated the ability to transfer excitation between a quantum dot and cavity, and performed coherent control of light-matter states. Our results provides an ultra-fast approach for probing and controlling light-matter interactions in an integrated nanophotonic device, and could pave the way for gigahertz rate synthesis of arbitrary quantum states of light at optical frequencies.
Dipole-dipole interaction between two two-level `atoms' in photonic crystal nanocavity is investigated based on finite-difference time domain algorithm. This method includes both real and virtual photon effects and can be applied for dipoles with different transition frequencies in both weak and strong coupling regimes. Numerical validations have been made for dipoles in vacuum and in an ideal planar microcavity. For dipoles located in photonic crystal nanocavity, it is found that the cooperative decay parameters and the dipole-dipole interaction potential strongly depend on the following four factors: the atomic position, the atomic transition frequency, the resonance frequency, and the cavity quality factor. Properly arranging the positions of the two atoms, we can acquire equal value of the cooperative decay parameters and the local coupling strength. Large cooperative decay parameters can be achieved when transition frequency is equal to the resonance frequency. For transition frequency varying in a domain of the cavity linewidth around the resonance frequency, dipole-dipole interaction potential changes continuously from attractive to repulsive case. Larger value and sharper change of cooperative parameters and dipole-dipole interaction can be obtained for higher quality factor. Our results provide some manipulative approaches for dipole-dipole interaction with potential application in various fields such as quantum computation and quantum information processing based on solid state nanocavity and quantum dot system.
This article overviews our recent studies of ultrahigh-Q and ultrasmall photonic-crystal cavities, and their applications to nonlinear optical processing and novel adiabatic control of light. First, we show our latest achievements of ultrahigh-Q photonic-crystal nanocavities, and present extreme slow-light demonstration. Next, we show all-optical bistable switching and memory operations based on enhanced optical nonlinearity in these nanocavities with extremely low power, and discuss their applicability for realizing chip-scale all-optical logic, such as flip-flop. Finally, we introduce adiabatic tuning of high-Q nanocavities, which leads to novel wavelength conversion and another type of optical memories.
In this Chapter, with the nanocavities in photonic crystal, we theoretically introduce, derive, and demonstrate the robust implementation of a single spin-photon phase gate in a cavitydipole-cavity system. The conditions of accidental degeneracy are examined to enforce complete transfer, either in the forward transmission or in reflection, of the qubit. In addition, we observe that a photon pulse is strikingly reflected by a cavity interacting with a single spin, even under the bad-cavity limit. This combined nanocrystal-cavity system,
We report time domain observation of vacuum Rabi oscillations in a single quantum dot strongly coupled to a nanocavity under incoherent optical carrier injection. We realize a photonic crystal nanocavity with a very high quality factor of >80000>80\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}000>80000 and employ it to clearly resolve the ultrafast vacuum Rabi oscillations by simple photoluminescence-based experiments. We found that the time domain vacuum Rabi oscillations were largely modified when changing the pump wavelength and intensity, even when marginal changes were detected in the corresponding photoluminescence spectra. We analyze the measured time domain oscillations by fitting to simulation curves obtained with a cavity quantum electrodynamics model. The observed modifications of the oscillation curves were mainly induced by the change in the carrier capture and dephasing dynamics in the quantum dot, as well as the change in bare-cavity emission. This result suggests that vacuum Rabi oscillations can be utilized as a highly sensitive probe for the quantum-dot dynamics. Our work points out a powerful alternative to conventional spectral-domain measurements for a deeper understanding of the vacuum Rabi dynamics in quantum-dot-based--cavity quantum electrodynamics systems.