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Physical Review A

Adiabatic three-waveguide coupler

H. S. Hristova, Andon A. Rangelov, Germano Montemezzani, Nikolay V. Vitanov

Published Mar 2, 2016• 34 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose an adiabatic method for transfer of light in a three-waveguide directional coupler in a single mode. In our scheme the propagation coefficients of the two outer waveguides are identical, but may vary simultaneously along the propagation direction. In contrast to earlier work [E. Paspalakis, Opt. Commun. 258, 30 (2006)], where the coupling coefficients are designed to act in the counterintuitive order for an input in one of the outer waveguides, here we may have initially any light input in each of the waveguides and any order of coupling coefficients. Consequently, all three adiabatic eigenstates of the system are used in the dynamics. These solutions allow us to design some interesting waveguide devices.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.93.033802

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We propose an adiabatic method for transfer of light in a three-waveguide directional coupler in a single mode. In our scheme the propagation coefficients of the two outer waveguides are identical, but may vary simultaneously along the propagation direction. In contrast to earlier work [E. Paspalakis, Opt. Commun. 258, 30 (2006)], where the coupling coefficients are designed to act in the counterintuitive order for an input in one of the outer waveguides, here we may have initially any light input in each of the waveguides and any order of coupling coefficients. Consequently, all three adiabatic eigenstates of the system are used in the dynamics. These solutions allow us to design some interesting waveguide devices.
We propose an adiabatic method for the robust transfer of light between the two outer waveguides in a three-waveguide directional coupler. Unlike the established technique inherited from stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP), the method proposed here is symmetric with respect to an exchange of the left and right waveguides in the structure and permits the transfer in both directions. The technique uses the adiabatic elimination of the middle waveguide together with level crossing and adiabatic passage in an effective two-state system involving only the external waveguides. It requires a strong detuning between the outer and the middle waveguide and does not rely on the adiabatic transfer state (dark state) underlying the STIRAP process. The suggested technique is generalized to an array of NNN waveguides and verified by numerical beam propagation calculations.
We propose and demonstrate a novel type of optical integrated structure consisting of three adiabatically coupled waveguides arranged in an N-shaped geometry. Unlike conventional adiabatic three-waveguide couplers mimicking the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage process which utilize solely the counter-intuitive coupling and, thus, operate only in one direction, our structure achieves complete bidirectional light transfer between two waveguides through the counter-intuitive and intuitive coupling in either direction over a wide wavelength range. Moreover, the light transfer through the intuitive coupling is more efficient and robust than through the counter-intuitive coupling.
A novel design for complete transfer and robust three-waveguide coupler is presented in this paper, which employs shortcut to adiabaticity (STA) based on stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP). Most recently, some remarkable papers on STA of STIRAP [Phys. Rev. A 94(6), 063411 (2016) and Nat. Comm. 7, 12479 (2016)] have been proposed in both theoretical and experimental configurations. In this paper, we propose to design a novel three-waveguide coupler by employing STA based on STIRAP, which can achieve much shorter device length and also maintain the robust performance against perturbations on device geometry parameters compared to previous devices. This finding significantly improves the performance and fabrication of integrated optical devices to build up more compactable devices.