Using the numerical solution of the full Maxwell-Bloch equations without the slowly varying envelope approximation and the rotating-wave approximation, propagation behavior of few-cycle laser pulse in a dense ladder-type three-level atomic medium is investigated and it is compared with the case in the corresponding dilute medium. It is found that, in the propagation process, time evolution of the pulse in the dense medium is obviously different from that in the dilute medium, and the difference will become more evident with increasing of the initial pulse area. When the initial pulse area is smaller, in the propagating process, the pulse shape in the dilute medium just have a small change; the pulse shape in the dense medium has considerable variation but the pulse splitting doesn't occur. When the initial pulse area is larger enough, for the dense medium case, the pulse splits into sub-pulses with different numbers and shapes at different propagation distances; while for the dilute medium case, variation of the pulse shape is still smaller in propagation process. The cause producing above difference is from two effects in the dense medium: the effect of the local-field correction (LFC) from the near dipole-dipole interaction and effect of stronger polarization field than that in the dilute medium. In which the effect of stronger polarization field plays a main role, but the role of LFC also cannot be neglected,and the stronger polarization field is due to the atomic density increasing .
Using the numerical solution of the full Maxwell-Bloch equations without the slowly varying envelope approximation and the rotating-wave approximation, propagation behavior of few-cycle laser pulse in a dense ladder-type three-level atomic medium is investigated and it is compared with the case in the corresponding dilute medium. It is found that, in the propagation process, time evolution of the pulse in the dense medium is obviously different from that in the dilute medium, and the difference will become more evident with increasing of the initial pulse area. When the initial pulse area is smaller, in the propagating process, the pulse shape in the dilute medium just have a small change; the pulse shape in the dense medium has considerable variation but the pulse splitting doesn't occur. When the initial pulse area is larger enough, for the dense medium case, the pulse splits into sub-pulses with different numbers and shapes at different propagation distances; while for the dilute medium case, variation of the pulse shape is still smaller in propagation process. The cause producing above difference is from two effects in the dense medium: the effect of the local-field correction (LFC) from the near dipole-dipole interaction and effect of stronger polarization field than that in the dilute medium. In which the effect of stronger polarization field plays a main role, but the role of LFC also cannot be neglected,and the stronger polarization field is due to the atomic density increasing .
Propagation of a few-cycle laser pulse in a dense V-type three-level atomic medium is investigated by the numerical solution of the full Maxwell–Bloch equations without the rotating wave and slowly varying envelope approximations, and the numerical solution is obtained by using the predictor–corrector method and the finite-difference time-domain method. It is shown that, due to the strength of the electric field induced by the macroscopic polarization in a dense medium being stronger than that in a dilute medium and the influence of the near dipole–dipole (NDD) interaction, the time evolution of a few-cycle pulse in the dense medium is remarkably different from that in the corresponding dilute medium. In the dilute medium, oscillation arises at the trailing edge of the pulse; while in the dense medium, it appears at both the leading and trailing edges of the pulse; moreover, the oscillation at the leading edge is more obvious with the pulse area decreasing. The carrier-envelope phase has an obvious difference in the two cases with and without NDD interaction. The ratio, γ, of the transition dipole moments has strong influence on the time evolution and split of the pulse. In the dense medium, when γ = 1, NDD interaction delays propagation and split of the pulse; while when γ > 1, NDD interaction accelerates propagation and split of the pulse, moreover, the phenomenon is more obvious with the input pulse area decreasing. In the dilute medium, the larger area pulse doesn't split when γ = 1 while it splits when γ > 1.
We investigate numerically the propagation behaviors of an ultrashort laser pulse in a dense Λ-type three-level atomic medium by using the full Maxwell-Bloch equations without the slowly varying envelope approximation and the rotating-wave approximation. We find that with propagation distance and time increasing, variations of the Rabbi frequency and the population in a dense medium are quite different from those in a dilute medium even though Lorentz local field correction (LFC) is not considered. In a dilute medium, the populations occupied initially at the ground state are completely transferred into the lower excited-state with the increase of the propagation distance; however, in the dense medium, about a half is still kept on the ground state and the others are transferred into the lower excited-state. The population oscillation occurs at the input surface of a dense three-level medium due to carrier-wave Rabi oscillation, and the oscillating time with LFC is much longer than that without LFC; the time derivative of the electric field has stronger effects on the time evolution of the pulse in the dense medium than that in a dilute medium, which is clearly shown from the time evolution of the Rabi frequency; especially the oscillating amplitude with LFC in the trailing edge of the pulse is larger than that without LFC at the input surface of the three-level medium.
We investigate effect of atomic densities (N) on propagation and spectral property of large area femtosecond Gaussian pulse (the pulse area is larger than 2π) in a three-level Λ-type atomic medium by using the numerical solution of the full Maxwell-Bloch equations without the slowly varying envelope and the rotating-wave approximations, and the solution is obtained by PC-FDTD method. It is shown that, variation of value of the atomic density has considerable effect on propagation and spectral property and the effect is closely relative to size of the pulse area. For the pulse with area 4π, propagate in the dilute medium with smaller atomic density, clear pulse splitting doesn’t occur, slight pulse spectrum broadening appears, the strength of the spectral component with higher frequency increases with the distance increasing; when the pulse propagates in the dilute medium with larger atomic density and in the dense medium, the main pulse splits into two sub-pulses, and the spectrum broadening in the dilute medium with larger atomic density is much larger than that in the dense medium. For the pulse with larger area 8π, the case of the pulse propagates in the dilute medium with smaller atomic density is similar to that of the 4π pulse; but when the pulse propagates in the dilute medium with larger atomic density and in the dense medium, the case is considerably different from that for 4π pulse, the main pulse splits into three sub-pulses, and the spectrum broadening in the dilute medium with larger atomic density is much smaller than that in the dense medium.
The propagation behaviors, which include the carrier-envelope phase, the area evolution and the solitary pulse number of few-cycle pulses in a dense two-level medium, are investigated based on full-wave Maxwell-Bloch equations by taking Lorentz local field correction (LFC) into account. Several novel features are found: the difference of the carrier-envelope phase between the cases with and without LFC can go up to pi at some location; although the area of ultrashort solitary pulses is lager than 2pi, the area of the effective Rabi frequency, which equals to that the Rabi frequency pluses the product of the strength of the near dipole-dipole (NDD) interaction and the polarization, is consistent with the standard area theorem and keeps 2pi; the large area pulse penetrating into the medium produces several solitary pulses as usual, but the number of solitary pulses changes at certain condition.
With numerical solution of full Maxwell-Bloch equations obtained by finite-difference time-domain method and iterative predictor-corrector method,spatial distributions of pulse and populations of few-cycle laser pulse propagates in a ladder-type three-level atomic medium are investigated.It shows that,spatial distributions changes evidently with pulse area.As the pulse area is smallr,the pulse shape is irregular and oscillation time increases.As the pulse area is large,the pulse shape becomes relatively regular and oscillation times decreases evidently.With increasing of pulse area,amplitude and group velocity of pulse increase progressively,oscillation times of populations increase gradually and variation of spatial distributions of the pulse and populations at different moments decreases considerably.Moreover,spatial distribution of populations correlates closely to spatial distribution of the pulse.
We investigate propagation of femtosecond chirped Gaussian laser pulse in a dense three-level Λ-type atomic medium by using the numerical solution of the full Maxwell-Bloch equations without the slowly varying envelope and the rotating-wave approximations, and the solution is obtained by PC-FDTD method. It is shown that, variation of the sign and size of the chirp coefficient has considerable effect on pulse propagation property, and the effect is closely relative to size of the pulse area. When the area of chirped pulse is smaller than 4π, splitting doesn’t occur and the chirped pulse evolves gradually to an approximate normal Gaussian pulse (C=0), and this characteristic doesn’t vary with the chirp coefficient varying. However, variation of the chirp coefficient will changed the amplitude and group velocity of the pulse. For the positive chirp(C>0), amplitude and group velocity of the pulse decrease with chirp coefficient increasing, for the negative chirp(CC increasing. Both the chirped pulses with area equal to larger than 4π will split into sub-pulses of different numbers and shapes, the time and number of the pulse splitting will be determined by the sign and size of the chirp coefficient. But in the two cases, the pulse splitting patterns are much different, and the effects of the coefficient are also different. When the pulse area equals 4π, larger chirp coefficient will lead to increased sub-pulse number, but when the pulse area is larger than 4π, larger chirp coefficient will lead to decreased sub-pulse number. In addition, regardless of pulse area being larger or smaller, changing sign and size of the chirp coefficient always produces obvious effect on the atomic population.