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Physical Review A

Suppression of directional light-wave mixing in normal and quantum gases

L. Deng, Chengjie Zhu, E. W. Hagley, W. R. Garrett

Published Oct 30, 2013• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We discuss nonlinear optical processes in the presence of quantum gases. We show that, in contrast to a normal gas, where the medium ``passively'' participates in nonlinear optical processes, quantum gases ``actively'' interact with the wave mixing process by enforcing the properties arising from condensed matter physics on the generation and propagation of new light fields. This manifestation of condensed matter physics leads to intriguing suppression and enhancement effects in directional wave generation and propagation processes that have no counterpart in a normal gas. This opens a new chapter on light-matter-wave mixing and scattering: nonlinear optics with quantum gases.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.88.043642

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We discuss nonlinear optical processes in the presence of quantum gases. We show that, in contrast to a normal gas, where the medium passively'' participates in nonlinear optical processes, quantum gases actively'' interact with the wave mixing process by enforcing the properties arising from condensed matter physics on the generation and propagation of new light fields. This manifestation of condensed matter physics leads to intriguing suppression and enhancement effects in directional wave generation and propagation processes that have no counterpart in a normal gas. This opens a new chapter on light-matter-wave mixing and scattering: nonlinear optics with quantum gases.
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The realization of atomic quantum gases has brought out surprising effects that have no correspondence in nonlinear optics with thermal gases, presenting intriguing and exciting challenges to the research discipline of nonlinear optics which has matured since the invention of the laser. Here, we show an unexpected optical wave-mixing gain cancellation effect in a quantum gas that restricts an, otherwise, strongly enhanced backward-propagating light-matter wave-mixing process. This results in a wave-mixing induced transparency and a nonhyperbolic quasi-matter-wave soliton that opens new research opportunities in hydrodynamic fluid research of degenerate quantum gases, such as phonon scattering in a two-dimensional sonic black hole horizon.
We show that optical processes originating from elementary excitations with dominant collective atomic recoil motion in a quantum gas can profoundly change many nonlinear optical processes routinely observed in a normal gas. Not only multi-photon wave mixing processes all become stimulated Raman or hyper-Raman in nature but the usual forward wave-mixing process, which is the most efficient process in normal gases, is strongly reduced by the condensate structure factor. On the other hand, in the backward direction the Bogoliubov dispersion automatically compensates the optical- wave phase mismatch, resulting in efficient backward light field generation that usually is not supported in normal gases.
We present a semi-classical theoretical framework on light-wave mixing and scattering in single-component quantum gases. We show that these optical processes originating from elementary excitations with dominant collective atomic recoil motion are stimulated Raman or hyper-Raman in nature. In the forward direction, the wave-mixing process, which is the most efficient process in normal gas, is strongly reduced by the condensate structure factor even though the Bogoliubov dispersion relation perfectly compensates the optical-wave phase mismatch. In the backward direction, however, the free-particle-like condensate structure factor and Bogoliubov dispersion result in highly efficient light-wave mixing and collective atomic recoil motion that are enhanced by a stimulated hyper-Raman gain and a very narrow two-photon motional state resonance.
We present a semiclassical theoretical framework on light-wave mixing and scattering with single-component quantum gases. We show that these optical processes originating from elementary excitations with dominant collective atomic recoil motion are stimulated Raman or hyper-Raman in nature. In the forward direction the wave-mixing process, which is the most efficient process in normal gases, is strongly reduced by the condensate structure factor even though the Bogoliubov dispersion relation automatically compensates the optical-wave phase mismatch. In the backward direction, however, the free-particle-like condensate structure factor and Bogoliubov dispersion result in highly efficient light-wave mixing and collective atomic recoil motion that are enhanced by a stimulated hyper-Raman gain and a very narrow two-photon motional state resonance.
Highly efficient, optical-degenerate wave-mixing involving bosonic quantum gas is studied using a crossed-beam geometry. We show a very large enhancement due to nonlinear gain from a matter-optical wave-mixing process involving four photons and two matter-wave excitations. Under suitable conditions with a red-detuned pump field this optically degenerate, four-photon process can be stronger than the traditional two-photon inelastic light-scattering mechanism, leading to strong nonlinear growth of the observed matter-wave scattering. This optically degenerate four-wave mixing is independent of other enhancements arising from bosonic stimulations. More importantly, this highly efficient, backward degenerate wave generation and growth process does not have a correspondence in thermal gases in nonlinear optics.