A dense thermal beam of titanium atoms has been realized using a tungsten crucible inside a high temperature oven (≤2300 K). Its flux (≈1014 atom/cm2/s) and its long term stability have been measured by means of a quartz balance, its angular divergence has been evaluated from the size of a metallic spot deposited on a glass plate. A spectroscopic investigation performed via the laser-induced fluorescence technique has led to the measurement of the isotope shifts between 46Ti, 48Ti and 50Ti, for six visible 3d2 4s2 a 3FJ↦3d2 4s4p z 5DJ' transitions. This beam offers the characteristics required to apply high resolution laser techniques to reaction dynamics crossed-beam experiments.A dense thermal beam of titanium atoms has been realized using a tungsten crucible inside a high temperature oven (≤2300 K). Its flux (≈1014 atom/cm2/s) and its long term stability have been measured by means of a quartz balance, its angular divergence has been evaluated from the size of a metallic spot deposited on a glass plate. A spectroscopic investigation performed via the laser-induced fluorescence technique has led to the measurement of the isotope shifts between 46Ti, 48Ti and 50Ti, for six visible 3d2 4s2 a 3FJ↦3d2 4s4p z 5DJ' transitions. This beam offers the characteristics required to apply high resolution laser techniques to reaction dynamics crossed-beam experiments.

Journal de Physique IIIJun 1, 19923 citations

Atomic and molecular beam experiments

Isidor Isaac Rabi, E. Montaldi

Il Nuovo CimentoJul 1, 19560 citations

Progress towards a dense atomic beam

Martin Disla, Brian Kaufman, Matthew J. Wright

Bulletin of the American Physical SocietyMar 4, 20140 citations

Realization of an intense cold Rb atomic beam based on a two-dimensional magneto-optical trap: Experiments and comparison with simulations

Saptarishi Chaudhuri, Sanjukta Roy, C. S. Unnikrishnan

We discuss the implementation and characterization of the source of a slow, intense, and collimated beam of rubidium atoms. The cold atomic beam is produced by two-dimensional magneto-optical trapping in directions transverse to the atomic beam axis and unbalanced Doppler cooling in the axial direction. The vacuum design allows use of relatively low laser power and a considerably simplified assembly. The atomic beam has a high flux of about $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{10}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{atoms}∕\mathrm{s}$ at a total cooling laser power of $55\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mW}$ . It has a narrow longitudinal velocity distribution with mean velocity $15\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{m}∕\mathrm{s}$ with full width at half maximum $3.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{m}∕\mathrm{s}$ and has a low divergence of $26\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mrad}$ . The high flux enables ultrafast loading of about ${10}^{10}$ atoms into a three-dimensional (3D) magneto-optical trap within 500 ms. The variation of the atomic beam flux was studied as a function of the rubidium vapor pressure, cooling laser power, transverse cooling laser beam length, detuning of the cooling laser, and relative intensities of the cooling beams along the atomic beam axis. We also discuss a detailed comparison of our measurements of the cold atomic beam with a 3D numerical simulation.We discuss the implementation and characterization of the source of a slow, intense, and collimated beam of rubidium atoms. The cold atomic beam is produced by two-dimensional magneto-optical trapping in directions transverse to the atomic beam axis and unbalanced Doppler cooling in the axial direction. The vacuum design allows use of relatively low laser power and a considerably simplified assembly. The atomic beam has a high flux of about $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{10}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{atoms}∕\mathrm{s}$ at a total cooling laser power of $55\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mW}$. It has a narrow longitudinal velocity distribution with mean velocity $15\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{m}∕\mathrm{s}$ with full width at half maximum $3.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{m}∕\mathrm{s}$ and has a low divergence of $26\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mrad}$. The high flux enables ultrafast loading of about ${10}^{10}$ atoms into a three-dimensional (3D) magneto-optical trap within 500 ms. The variation of the atomic beam flux was studied as a function of the rubidium vapor pressure, cooling laser power, transverse cooling laser beam length, detuning of the cooling laser, and relative intensities of the cooling beams along the atomic beam axis. We also discuss a detailed comparison of our measurements of the cold atomic beam with a 3D numerical simulation.

Physical Review AAug 18, 200663 citations

Atomic Beam Apparatus

Tung H. Jeong, Bailey L. Donnally

American Journal of PhysicsNov 1, 19650 citations

55\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mW}

. It has a narrow longitudinal velocity distribution with mean velocity

15\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{m}∕\mathrm{s}

with full width at half maximum

3.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{m}∕\mathrm{s}

and has a low divergence of

26\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mrad}

. The high flux enables ultrafast loading of about

{10}^{10}

atoms into a three-dimensional (3D) magneto-optical trap within 500 ms. The variation of the atomic beam flux was studied as a function of the rubidium vapor pressure, cooling laser power, transverse cooling laser beam length, detuning of the cooling laser, and relative intensities of the cooling beams along the atomic beam axis. We also discuss a detailed comparison of our measurements of the cold atomic beam with a 3D numerical simulation.