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Quantum Matter

Information-Theoretic Approach to Chemical Bonds: Quantum Information Measures, Molecular Equilibria and Orbital Communications

Roman F. Nalewajski

Published Oct 8, 2014• 4 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1166/qm.2015.1169

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The role of phases in local Communication Theory of the Chemical Bond is investigated. Probability amplitudes of such molecular (fine-grained) information systems originate from the superposition principle of quantum mechanics involving the projection onto the bond system defined by the subspace of the state occupied Molecular Orbitals. They are explicitly phase-dependent, thus being capable of interference effects. The phase factors of the local direct and indirect (bridge, cascade) channels are examined and the associated amplitude/probability sum rules are established. The entropic descriptors of the local channels, providing the system “covalent” (communication-noise) and “ionic” (information-flow) components, are investigated using prototype one-electron systems. The competition between these information-theoretic measures of the chemical bond covalency (electron delocalization) and ionicity (electron localization) is illustrated in $$\mathrm{H}_{2}^{+}$$ H 2 + and $$\mathrm{H}_{2}$$ H 2 .

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Orbital Entanglement in Bond-Formation Processes

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The accurate calculation of the (differential) correlation energy is central to the quantum chemical description of bond-formation and bond-dissociation processes. In order to estimate the quality of single- and multireference approaches for this purpose, various diagnostic tools have been developed. In this work, we elaborate on our previous observation [J. Phys. Chem. Lett.2012, 3, 3129] that one- and two-orbital-based entanglement measures provide quantitative means for the assessment and classification of electron correlation effects among molecular orbitals. The dissociation behavior of some prototypical diatomic molecules features all types of correlation effects relevant for chemical bonding. We demonstrate that our entanglement analysis is convenient to dissect these electron correlation effects and to provide a conceptual understanding of bond-forming and bond-breaking processes from the point of view of quantum information theory.

arXiv:1303.7207•Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation•May 14, 2013•138 citations
The role of phases in local Communication Theory of the Chemical Bond is investigated. Probability amplitudes of such molecular (fine-grained) information systems originate from the superposition principle of quantum mechanics involving the projection onto the bond system defined by the subspace of the state occupied Molecular Orbitals. They are explicitly phase-dependent, thus being capable of interference effects. The phase factors of the local direct and indirect (bridge, cascade) channels are examined and the associated amplitude/probability sum rules are established. The entropic descriptors of the local channels, providing the system “covalent” (communication-noise) and “ionic” (information-flow) components, are investigated using prototype one-electron systems. The competition between these information-theoretic measures of the chemical bond covalency (electron delocalization) and ionicity (electron localization) is illustrated in H2+\mathrm{H}_{2}^{+}H2+​ H 2 + and H2\mathrm{H}_{2}H2​ H 2 .
The classical (modulus/probability) and nonclassical (phase/current) components of molecular states are reexamined and their information contributions are summarized. The state and information continuity relations are discussed and a nonclassical character of the resultant gradient information source is emphasized. The states of noninteracting and interacting subsystems in the model donor-acceptor reactive system are compared and configurations of the mutually-closed and -open equidensity orbitals are tackled. The density matrices for subsystems in reactive complexes are used to describe the entangled molecular fragments and electron communications in donor-acceptor systems which determine the entropic multiplicity and composition of chemical bonds between reactants.
The accurate calculation of the (differential) correlation energy is central to the quantum chemical description of bond-formation and bond-dissociation processes. In order to estimate the quality of single- and multireference approaches for this purpose, various diagnostic tools have been developed. In this work, we elaborate on our previous observation [J. Phys. Chem. Lett.2012, 3, 3129] that one- and two-orbital-based entanglement measures provide quantitative means for the assessment and classification of electron correlation effects among molecular orbitals. The dissociation behavior of some prototypical diatomic molecules features all types of correlation effects relevant for chemical bonding. We demonstrate that our entanglement analysis is convenient to dissect these electron correlation effects and to provide a conceptual understanding of bond-forming and bond-breaking processes from the point of view of quantum information theory.